高中英语语法知识点总结

高中英语语法知识点总结

一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解

1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、

A、 which was

B、 it was

C、 which were

D、 them were

【陷阱】

容易误选A或B，将

A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

【分析】

最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表

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语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1)

Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、

A、 which is

B、 it is

C、 which are

D、 them are(2)

The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、

A、 which are

B、 it is

C、 which is

D、 them are(3)

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Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、

A、 which are

B、 it is

C、 which is

D、 them are

2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A、 that

B、 which

C、 where

D、 what

【陷阱】

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容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。

【分析】

最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？

3、 David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like、

A、 that

B、 who

C、 as

D、 whom

【陷阱】

此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为

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这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。

【分析】

最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him、

A、 that

B、 who

C、 as

D、 whom请再做以下试题（答案选D）：It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us、

A、 like

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B、 that

C、 which

D、 as

4、 The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd、

A、 that

B、 it

C、 them

D、 which

【陷阱】

容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。

【分析】

最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非性定语从句，修饰 the

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buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：(1)

His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000、

A、 that

B、 it

C、 them

D、 which(2)

Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer、

A、 that

B、 it

C、 them

D、 which(3)

This I did at nine o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper、

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A、 that

B、 it

C、 them

D、 which类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：(4)

George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person、

A、 that

B、 him

C、 them

D、 whom(5)

Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this summer、

A、 that

B、 who

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C、 them

D、 whom(6)

I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university students、

A、 that

B、 who

C、 them

D、 whom

5、 He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding、

A、 whom

B、 them

C、 which

D、 who

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【陷阱】

容易误选 A，认为这是非性定语从句。

【分析】

最佳答案是B，这不是非性定语从句，而是一个主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：(1)

They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work、

A、 which

B、 them

C、 what

D、 that答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。(2)

They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work、

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A、 which

B、 them

C、 what

D、 that答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。(3)

They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work、

A、 which

B、 them

C、 what

D、 that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。

6、 On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking、

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A、 their

B、 whose

C、 which

D、 that

【陷阱】

容易误选B，认为这是非性定语从句。

【分析】

最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非性定语从句，而是一个主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：(1)

On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were seated together joking、

A、 their

B、 whose

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C、 which

D、 that选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。(2)

On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking、

A、 their

B、 whose

C、 which

D、 that选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。(3)

On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking、

A、 their

B、 whose

C、 which

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D、 that选A。their parents sitting together joking 为主格结构。(4)

On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking、

A、 their

B、 whose

C、 which

D、 that选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。(5)

On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking、

A、 their

B、 whose

C、 which

D、 that选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非性定语从

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句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。

7、 If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is、

A、 as

B、 which

C、 what

D、 that

【陷阱】

容易误选A或B，误这是非性定语从句。

【分析】

正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：(1)

If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK、

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A、 as

B、 which

C、 and it

D、 that(2)

If you want a double room, _________ will cost another ￡

15、

A、 as

B、 which

C、 what

D、 that(3)

Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me、

A、 that

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B、 which

C、 and it

D、 so(4)

When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating、

A、 as

B、 which

C、 what

D、 that

二、常见名词考点透析

一、单、复数名词的正确使用

[例] They have all sorts of course、 (xx陕西高考改错 )

[析] 英语中，名词有单数、复数或不可数的形式。本题中的course是可数名词，意指“课程”，故应用复数形式courses。

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二、仅以复数形式出现的名词

[例] Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000安徽春考改错)

[析] Many happy returns of the day! 是一句固定的生日祝语，相当于汉语的“祝你年年有今日，岁岁有今朝!”returns 在此处便是约定俗成的用法。

除这一结构外，像shake hands with (= shake sb’s hand), make friends with和change seats / trains / buses等常用的结构，及thanks, cheers, congratulations, things(情况), affairs, feelings, as follows(如下), in tears, in ruins, in pieces, in chains(被囚禁), in high spirits, in one’s teens / twenties, in the1990’s (或in the1990s), into halves, good manners, give one’s regards / best wishes to, make contributions to, make preparations for等，也都是常用或只用复数的名词式。

三、纯粹不可数名词的使用

[例] I’m glad you have made such a great progress that、、、 (xx江西高考改错)

[析] 在英语中，有些名词, 如advice(建议), news, information, fun, weather, progress, homework, housework等，无论在什么情况下都是不可数的，所以这些词没有复数形式，也不可把其与不定冠词连用。可见，such a great progress 使用有误(须改为such great progress)。再例：

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She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning、 (2004高考福建卷改错)由于homework为不可数名词，所以，作业再多，也无复数。

四、转义名词的考查热点

[例] When you finish reading the book, you will have ______ better understanding of ______ life

A、 a; the

B、 the; a

C、 不填; the

D、 a; 不填[析] 本题旨在考查考生对understanding和life这两个名词可数性的界定：understanding已为转义用法，life在此泛指“人生”，是不可数名词，故而便可正确选用冠词。

转义名词主要分为两类：①把抽象意义转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能;②把具体意义的名词抽象化，从而赋予其不可数性。

转义名词一直是高考测试的热点。其考查主要出现在单项和短文改错题中。其常考热点如下：

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(1)抽象转具体：

pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“、、、的人 / 物”。如：

The meeting is a success、

(2)抽象转具体：

worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months、

(3)抽象转具体：

a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：

He has a good practical knowledge of computer science(4)具体转抽象：

school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，都是可数名词，可以有具体的意义，如a school, three schools。再例如：

When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _____ hotel; I can

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find you _____ bed in my flat、

A、 the; a

B、 the; 不填

C、 a; the

D、 a; 不填

但是，在不用冠词、不用复数，而只突出与之有关的活动时，它们便失去了具体意义。如：

go to school, at table等。

再例如：

When he left ______ college, he got a job as ______ reporter in a newspaper office、

A、 不填; a

B、 不填; the

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C、 a; the

D、 the; the

(5)具体转抽象：

day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色时，表达抽象概念(注意其前不用冠词)。如：

Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside、

五、名词与形容词定语的区别

[例] There have been sports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes、(2004全国高考III改错)

[析] 形容词和名词都可作定语，但有时含义有别，有时则出现错误。如可说a golden medal(一块镀金奖牌/一块金色的奖牌)，也可以说a gold medal (一块金牌); 但可说a chemistry teacher(化学老师)，而不可说a chemical teacher(化学原料做的老师?)，但可说a chemical works(一家化工厂)。据此可见，此题中的“个人信息”不应用person information表达。

另应注意，除man, woman常用“单单 (a woman doctor)”、“复复 (two women doctors)”式，及一些特殊词，如a goods ship, the sports shoes, a clothes

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shop等以外，用作修饰词的名词，一般都要用单数式。如：

a lady doctor, two lady doctors等。六、与动词或介词构成的固定搭配

[例] It is said that dogs will keep you _____ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely、

A、 safety

B、 company

C、 house

D、 friend[析] 无论是动宾结构还是介宾结构，有时名词虽然近义，但却不能主观臆断，而要选择固定的搭配式。本题的keep sb company就是一个典型的固定搭配式，意为“与……为伴”。七、名词搭配的语境限定

[例] You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ________、 (xx广东高考)

A、 date

B、 shape

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C、 order

D、 balance

[析] out of date 意为“过期，不时髦”;out of shape意思是“不成形的”;out of order就是in disorder，意为“乱七八糟的”。搭配并无问题，而意义决定了B是正确答案。八、名词的同、近义词辨析

[例] I’m sure David will be able to find the libraryIs John coming by train？

I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins、＿＿＿ I have a look？

Are you coming to Jeffs party？

Will you stay for lunch? Could I borrow your dictionary？

When can I come for the photos？

I need them tomorrow afternoon、Shall I tell John about it？

—No, you ＿＿＿、Ive told him already、

A、neednt

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B、wouldnt

C、mustnt

D、shouldnt 情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 A。第 25 页 共 25 页

“没有必要了”，故本题选