2017年10月广东省英语教育-英语语言学真题二

英语语言学问卷

I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.1.Threebranchesofphoneticsarearticulatoryphonetics,a_______phonetics,andacousticphonetics.2.Thewordaroundwhichaphraseisformedistermedhead,andthewordsontherightsideoftheheadsarec____________.3.H__________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.4.S__________referstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.5.Therearetwotypesofa__________dyslexia:phonologicaldyslexiaandsurfacedyslexia.6.Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisknownaslinguisticr_______.7.Themostbasicandthesmallestmeaningfulelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledm___________.8.Thei__________viewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichhedevelops.9.C___________determinesthespeaker’suseoflanguageandalsothehearer’sinterpretationofwhatissaidtohim10.Ifthelinguisticstudyaimslaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobep___________.11.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled“v___________”.12.R__________meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld.13.A__________referstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisorderduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyvascularproblems,atumor,anaccidentandsoon.14.MinorLexicalCategoriesrefertoD_________,Degreeword,Qualifier,AuxiliaryandConjunction.15.Linguisticsisascientificstudybecauseitisbasedonthes_____________investigationoflinguisticdata.16.Grammaticaloffunctionalwordsarereferredtoasbeingc_____classwords.17.Ap___________isaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.18.A________arewordsderivedfromtheinitialsofseveralwords,suchasWTO.19.I________motivationreferstothedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.20.Chomskyusesthetermp________torefertotheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.II.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.21.Differentfromcontrastiveanalysis,_______gavelessconsiderationtolearners’nativelanguage.A.negativetransferB.mistakeanalysisC.positiveanalysisD.erroranalysis22.Thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyiscalledthe__________.A.publicsocietyB.commongroupC.speechcommunityD.speechgroup23.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:oneisintermsof_____ofarticulationandtheotherisintermsofplaceofarticulation.A.forceB.positionC.mannerD.pattern24.___________analysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.A.ComponentialB.ContrastiveC.ComparativeD.Inflection25.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.morphemesB.elementsC.segmentsD.constituents26.____________motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.A.PositiveB.IntegrativeC.InstrumentalD.Intrinsic27.Thewordsontheleftsideoftheheadsaresaidtofunctionas_______.A.modifiersB.qualifiersC.specifiersD.determiners28.ThefollowingsoundsbelongtothesamenaturalclassEXCEPT____.A.[t]B.[s]C.[p]D.[k]29.ThesentencethathasaNPandaPPcanbeshownina______formula“S→NPPP”.A.hierarchicalB.treediagramC.verticalD.linear30.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______.A.prescriptiveB.descriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronic31.Therelationshipbetween“flower“and“rose”is_______.A.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.synonymy32.Thepairofwords“east”and“west“is________.A.gradableantonymsB.co-hyponymsC.complementaryoppositeD.relationalopposites33.WhichofthefollowinghypothesisisputforwardbyEricLenneberg?A.CriticalPeriodHypothesisB.InputHypothesisC.Sapir-WhorfHypothesisD.LanguageAcquisitionDeviceHypothesis34.X:JohnhastakenpartintheLondonOlympicGames.Y:Johnisasportsman.Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis_____.A.XentailsYB.XisinconsistentwithYC.XpresupposesYD.XissynonymouswithY35.Theword“unreasonably”consistsof____morphemes.A.4B.3C.5D.236.____occurswhentheCooperativePrincipleisviolated.A.LocutionaryactB.IllocutionaryactC.ConversationalimplicatureD.Intralingualerror37.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thetwosoundcombinationsaresaidtoforma__________.A.adjacencypairsB.minimalpairsC.complementarypairsD.similarpairs38.”Brunch”isawordformedby_____.A.clippingB.back-formationC.coinageD.blending39.Whichoftheunderlinedmorphemesbelowisaderivationalmorpheme?A.startedB.jumpingC.physicianD.suffixes40.____isconcernedwiththeprocessesoflanguagecomprehensionandproduction.A.PragmaticsB.MorphologyC.SemanticsD.PsycholinguisticsIII.Trueoffalsejudgement(20%)41.Thebrain,weighingabout1,400grams,consistsofabouttenbillionnervecellscalledneurons.42.Whatismeasuredintheprimingexperimentistheextenttowhichtheprimeinfluencesthesubject’spsychologicaldecisionperformanceonthetargetstimulus.43.AccordingtoAustin,aspeakermightbeperformingthreeactssimultaneouslywhenspeaking:locutionaryact,illocutionaryactandperlocutionaryact.44.Diacriticsareaddedtotheletter-symbolstobringoutfinerdistinctionsthanthelettersalonemaypossiblydo.45.Modeofdiscoursereferstotheroleofrelationshipinthesituationinquestion.46.”Languageisarbitrary”meansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsoundssincedifferentsoundsareusedtorefertothesameobjectindifferentlanguages.47.Derivationalmorphemesarethegroupofmorphemessuchas–en,-ate,and–icetc.Becausewhentheyareconjoinedtoothermorphemes(orwords),anewwordisderivedofformed.48.Locutionaryactistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance;itistheactperformedbysayingsomething.49.Thecortexisseparatedbythelongitudinalfissureintotwoparts:theleftandrightcerebralhemispheres.50.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyN.Chomskyin1967.IV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)51.behaviourist52.senseandreference53.Wh-Movement54.LAD55.Drawatreediagramfor“Thegirlboughtthebook.”V.Essayquestion(15%)Writeapassageof120-150wordsonthefollowingtopic.56.Whataresuprasegmentalfeatures?HowdothemajorsuprasegmentalfeaturesofEnglishfunctioninconveyingmeaning?Illustrateyouranswerwithconcreteexamples.部分参（非官方答案，但大部分正确）：1.auditory2.complements3.Homonymy4.Sociolect5.acquired6.relativity7.morpheme8.interractionist9.Context10.Prescriptive11.voicing12.Reference13.Aphasia14.Determiner15.systematic16.closed17.pidgin18.Acronyms19.Integrative20.performance21.D22.C23.C24.A25.A26.B27.C28.B29.D30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.A36.C37.B38.D39.C40.D41.T42.F43.T44.T45.F46.T47.T48.F49.T50.F51.Traditionalbehavioristsviewlanguageasbehaviorandbelievethatlanguagelearningissimplyamatterofimitationandhabitformation.52.Theyaretworelatedbutdifferentaspectsofmeaning.1)Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandde-contextualized.Itistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompliersareinterestedin.2)Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandnon-linguisticworldofexperience.53.Wh-movement----Moveawhphrasetothebeginningofthesentence.MoveawhphrasetothespecifierpositionunderCP.(Revised)54.Itisthecapacitytoacquireone’sfirstlanguage,whenthiscapacityispicturesasasortofmechanismorapparatus.Inthe1960sand1970sChomskyandothersclaimedthateverynormalhumanbeingwasbornwithanLAD.TheLADincludedbasicknowledgeaboutthenatureandstructureofhumanlanguage.TheLADwasofferedasanexplanationofwhychildrendevelopcompetenceintheirfirstlanguageinarelativelyshorttime,merelybybeingexposedtoit.55.略56.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures.Themainsuprasegmentalfeaturesincludestress,intonation,andtone.ThelocationofstressingEnglishdistinguishesmeaning.Therearetwokindsofstress;wordstressandsentencestress.Forexample,ashiftofstressmaychangethepartofspeechofawordfromanoun,toaverbalthoughitsspellingremainsunchanged.Tonesarepitchvariations,whichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.Intonationplaysanimportantroleintheconveyanceofmeaninginalmosteverylanguage,especiallyinalanguagelikeEnglish.Whenspokenindifferenttones,thesamesequenceofwordsmayhavedifferentmeanings