Tapescripts

PART I DICTATION

Martin Luther King

Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. Having earned a Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) from Boston University, he became the political and religious leader of the non-violent civil rights movement in 1955. On August 28, 1963,he led over 250,000 Americans on a march in Washington D. C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people, and delivered his best-known speech “I Have a Dream\" before the Lincoln Memorial. The \"dream\" is a dream of love and equality for black and white. Thus he was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 19. But he was tragically murdered four years later.

Though he died, he was greatly respected and loved by the Americans, both white and black. By vote of Congress in 1968, Martin Luther King's birthday is now a federal holiday in his honor. He lives in people's hearts forever.

Martin Luther King ['lu:θə]: 马丁·路德·金 (1929-68) a black US religious leader who became the most important leader of the civil rights movement and worked hard to achieve social changes for black people. In 1968 he was shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee. Atlanta: 亚特兰大（美国乔治亚州首府和最大的工商业城市, 位于美国东部,也是

可口可乐，CNN的总部所在地，1996年百年奥运的举办地） tragically ['trædʒikəli]: in a way that makes you feel sad, especially because

someone has died 悲惨地

in one’s honor: 为纪念, 向...表示敬意

PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A CONVERSATIONS

Conversation 1

M: Are you the head resident? W: Yes.

M: I'm Bill Miller. I'm here because I want to change roommates.

W: Really? That surprises me. I thought that you and David were good friends.

M: We were. You see, we knew each other before. We are from the same home town, but it looks like we had different reasons for coming to college.

W: How so?

M: Well, David is really into having fun, which is great. But he has so many people in our room all the time that I can't study. And the stereo is on constantly. W: Have you talked to him about it?

M: Yes, but he just doesn't take me seriously. W: I see.

M: Miss Todd, I have to study. I’m on scholarship. David isn't.

W: Okay. Here’s what we can do. Let me talk to David, and then you see how it goes. Just one week. M: But...

W: If you still have a problem at the end of the week, I'll authorize a room change. Come back to see me next Monday.

head resident ['rezidənt]: 公寓管理员; 舍监

having fun: 玩乐 ; 娱乐

stereo ['steri,əu]: a machine for playing records, CDs etc that produces sound from

two speakers: 立体声音响

constantly ['kɔnstəntli]: all the time, or very often 不断地、经常地

scholarship ['skɔləʃip]: an amount of money that is given to someone by an

educational organization to help pay for their education 奖学金

authorize ['ɔ:θəraiz]: to give official permission for something授权 ; 认可

Conversation 2

W: Can I see your license and registration please?

M: What's the matter, officer? Did I do something wrong? W: You were speeding. M: I was speeding?

W: You certainly were. Do you have any idea how fast you were going? M: I'm not sure, but I would think I was going about 35.

W: This street is in a 25-mile-per-hour speed zone, you know. M: It is?

W: In this state, the speed limit in residential areas is 25 unless otherwise posted. Besides, there are signs all along the streets.

M: I'm sorry, officer, I guess I didn't notice. I was thinking about my job interview. I'm on my way to it right now and I hadn't planned to come this way. W: What do you mean?

M: Well. I was coming down on Elm Street but the traffic was really backed up. There was some kind of construction going on. I turned onto a side street and ended up here. Give me a break. I’m nervous enough as it is.

W: Well, since you have an interview, I'll give you a warning this time.

But keep your eye on the speedometer from now on, whether you're on a street you are familiar with or not.

registration [,redʒi'streiʃən]: the act of recording names and details on an official

list 注册 ; 登记 otherwise ['ʌðəwaiz]: in another and different manner 其它的 posted [pəustid]: publicly announced 公布

be backed up: become or cause to become obstructed（交通）堵了

side street: a street that is smaller than a main street, but is often connected to it小马路 ; 小街

end up: finally be or do something 结束 ; 来

give me a break: spoken to stop being strict with someone so that a situation

becomes easier for them: 饶了我吧 ; 帮个忙吧

speedometer [spi'dɔmitə]: a meter fixed to a vehicle that measures and displays its speed 车速表

Conversation 3

W: Charles, I want to ask if you know anything about hotels on the Costa Brava. M: Why? No, I’m afraid I can't be very much help to you there.

W: Well, it's just that we've been thinking of taking the family to Spain this summer and at this rather late stage we're trying to organize ourselves a suitable hotel. But I thought that you'd been to the Costa Brava.

M: It's certainly a bit late. But have you looked at the ads?

W: Well, yes. As a matter of fact I was reading one ad only this morning in the Sunday paper which sounded marvelous. M: For a hotel?

W: Yes. Just outside Barcelona. It said that this hotel was right on the beach, and that's essential as far as we're concerned. M: I know just what you mean.

W: And all the rooms have balconies facing the sea and overlooking the beach. M: Expensive?

W: No. That was the remarkable thing about it. You know, even allowing for a bit of exaggeration in the ad, it seemed to have a lot to offer. M: Which is unlikely with yours, from the sound of it.

M: Well, yes, but you can never tell, can you? And the food's good. W: Of course.

The only way to find out for certain is to go and try it. And that's taking rather a risk. W: Yes, I agree with you.

Costa Brava ['bra:va]: a region of eastern Spain, between Barcelona and the border with France, which is popular for tourism科斯塔布拉瓦(西班牙东北部加泰罗尼亚的沿海地区，海滨游览胜地)

Barcelona [ba:si'ləunə]: a city in northeastern Spain on the Mediterranean 2nd largest Spanish city and the largest port and commercial center has been a center for radical political beliefs 巴塞罗那(西班牙著名的海滨旅游城市，也是西班牙第二大城市和最大的港口)

as far as we're concerned: If you say as far as someone is concerned, you mean in order to satisfy that person's wants or needs 在我们看来

balcony ['bælkəni]: a structure that you can stand on, that is attached to the outside wall of a building, above ground level 阳台

overlook [,əuvə'luk]: to provide a view of, especially from above眺望; 俯视

exaggeration [iɡ,zædʒə'reiʃən]: the act of making something more noticeable than usual夸张; 夸大之词

from the sound of it: 这件事听起来

SECTION B PASSAGES

Passage 1

A standard for measuring power has changed. These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power. No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary measure of power. But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of power and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.

America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result about ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.

The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government, industry, and education.

evolve [i'vɔlv]: to develop and change gradually over a long period of time 演变 shape [ʃeip]: to influence something such as a belief, opinion etc and make it develop in a particular way 影响

adapt [ə'dæpt]: make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose 使适应 take advantage of: 利用

prowess ['praʊis]: a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and

observation 技术 ; 威力

ironic [ai'rɔnik]: an ironic situation is one that is unusual or amusing because

something strange happens or the opposite of what is expected happens or is true 具有讽刺意味的

in turn: as a result of something 转而; 反过来

institutional [,insti'tju:ʃənəl]: relating to an institution 制度上的

Passage 2

When I was in college, I won a music competition and the prize was a week at Tanglewood. Anyway it is one of the world's most famous music festivals and the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. It is located in the beautiful Berkshire Hills in New England. The summer musical season consists of about fifty concerts given over about nine weeks: from July 1st through the first week in September. The biggest stars on the music scene appear here. The year I went I was lucky enough to see Leonard Bernstein conducting. I understand it is sometimes hard to get tickets but of course mine were a part of the prize. If you want to sit inside the tickets are expensive. It's much cheaper to sit outside on the lawn. But it might rain, or some nights are really cool even in the summer. Either way the sound system is excellent. So it doesn't really matter where you sit. I seem to recall that the festival got started in the 1930s. Some Berkshire residents invited a symphony orchestra to perform a few outdoor concerts. The concerts were so successful that after a couple of years somebody donated a family estate as a permanent home. After that things really took off. And the festival has gotten bigger and better every year. Attending was such a wonderful experience.

Tanglewood: a place in Massachusetts, US, where the Boston Symphony Orchestra

performs concerts outdoors during the summer. 檀歌坞(美国马萨诸塞州西部城市）

summer home: 避暑别墅 ; 避暑山庄

the Boston Symphony Orchestra: a US orchestra (=a large group of musicians)

based in Boston, Massachusetts波士顿交响乐团

Berkshire Hills: a low mountain range in western Massachusetts resort area柏克夏

丘陵

Leonard Bernstein: United States conductor and composer (1918-1990) 伦纳德伯

恩斯坦

conduct [kən'dʌkt]: to stand in front of a group of musicians or singers and direct their playing or singing 指挥

recall [ri'kɔ:l]: to remember a particular fact, event, or situation from the past: 回

忆起,回想起

get started start doing something 开始

estate [i'steit]: a large area of land in the country, usually with one large house on it

and one owner产业；屋

take off: begin to improve markedly 开始明显好转

Passage 3

In the early 1800s, the paper industry was still using rags as its basic source of fiber just as it had for many centuries. However, the rag supply couldn't keep up with the growing demand for paper. The United States alone was using 250 thousand tons of rags each year. And a quarter of that had to be imported. It was clear that a new source

of fiber was needed to keep up with the demand for paper. The answer to this problem turned out to be paper made from wood pulp, something that was abundantly available in North America. In Canada, the first wood pulp mill was set up in 1866 and it was immediately successful. But while wood pulp solved the problem of quantity it created a problem of quality. Wood contains a substance called lignin. The simplest way to make large quantities of cheap paper involves leaving the lignin in the wood pulp. But lignin is acidic and its presence in paper shortens the life expectancy of paper from several centuries for rag paper to less than a century for paper made from wood pulp. This means that books printed less than a hundred years ago are already turning yellow and beginning to disintegrate, even though books printed much earlier maybe in fine condition. This is bad enough for the older books on your bookshelf but it poses a huge problem for libraries and the collections of government documents.

rag [ræɡ]： a small piece of cloth 碎布

wood pulp [pʌlp]：wood crushed into a soft mass, used for making paper 木质纸浆; 木纸浆

abundantly [ə'bʌndəntli]: in large quantities大量地 lignin ['liɡnin]: 木质素

acidic [ə'sidik]: being or containing an acid of a solution having an excess of

hydrogen atoms (having a pH of less than 7) 酸性的

life expectancy [ik'spektənsi]: the length of time that a person or animal is expected

to live 预期寿命 ; 平均寿命

disintegrat [dis'intiɡreit] e: to break up, or make something break up, into very

small pieces ; 分解

even though: used to emphasize that something is true although something else has happened or is true 即使; 尽管

collection [kə'lekʃən]: a set of similar things that are kept or brought together 收藏

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTS

News Item 1

The Albanian government has issued a new call for people holding illegal guns and ammunition to hand them in to police. The Deputy Prime Minister said time was running out - an official amnesty expires in May next year. Half a million guns and more than 800 million rounds of ammunition were looted in 1997, when thousands of Albanians, furious over losing their life savings in fraudulent pyramid investment schemes, stormed army barracks.

Since then the authorities have managed to retrieve around half the missing guns, and around 115 million rounds of ammunition. Thousands of weapons are believed to have been smuggled to militants in neighboring Kosovo and Macedonia. Many more remain in private hands.

run out: to use all of something and not have any more left 用光. Time was running

out. 剩下的时间不多了

amnesty ['æmnisti]: an official order by a government that allows a particular group

of prisoners to go free大赦

loot [lu:t]: to steal things, especially from shops or homes that have been damaged

in a war or riot 抢劫

furious ['fju:riəs]: very angry 愤怒的

fraudulent ['frɔ:djulənt]: intended to deceive people in an illegal way, in order to gain money, power etc欺骗性的；欺诈的

pyramid ['pirəmid] ：金字塔 Pyramid schemes are illegal scams in which

participants invest a large amount of money in exchange for the promise of receiving profits by recruiting additional participants to make a similar investment. 金字塔计划是非法的，其参与者投资了大量的金钱换得了一个许诺：你可以发展其他的参与者作出相似的投资来获取报酬。

barrack['bærək]：a building or group of buildings in which soldiers live 兵营 retrieve [ri'tri:v]： to find something and bring it back 找回

Macedonia：马其顿王国 The unofficial name for a country in southeast Europe,

north of Greece and south of Serbia. It was formerly part of Yugoslavia, but became an independent country in 1991. The country's official name is the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

News Item 2

The number of fixed and mobile phone subscribers in China reached a record of 692 million at the end of May, according to the latest figures released by the Ministry of Information Industry.

This is a net increase of nearly 45 million in the first five months of this year. The number of mobile phone subscribers rose 24 million in the first five months, for a total of 360 million. Though facing increased competition from mobile communications, the number of fixed-line subscribers rose over 20 million to 333 million at the end of May.

subscriber [səb'skraibə]： someone who pays money, usually once a year, to receive copies of a newspaper or magazine, or to have a service 用户

News Item 3

Doctors have fully separated the fused legs of a baby girl who's come to be known as Peru's mermaid. Holding up the legs of 13-month-old Milagro Wednesday her surgeon, 24called the delicate procedure a true success. The medical team had

planned to begin repairing the birth defect by opening her legs up to the knees but say the procedure exceeded doctors' expectations. The girl's legs had been fused together from her thighs to her ankles when she was born. Milagro, whose name means miracle was born with a rare congenital defect commonly known as mermaid syndrome, which occurs in one out of every 70,000 births. Her doctors say there are only 3 known cases of children with the condition alive in the world today.

fused [fju:zd]： joined together into a whole 结合的

mermaid ['mə:meid]: in stories, a woman who has a fish's tail instead of legs and who

lives in the sea美人鱼

hold up: to support something and prevent it from falling down 举起

delicate ['delikət]: needing to be dealt with carefully or sensitively in order to avoid

problems or failure精细的

procedure [prə'si:dʒə]: a medical treatment or operation 手术

thigh [θai]： the part of the leg between the hip and the knee 大腿

congenital defect [kən'dʒenitəl] [di'fekt]： a defect that is present at birth 先天性缺陷

syndrome ['sindrəum]： an illness which consists of a set of physical or mental

problems - often used in the name of illnesses 综合症

News Item 4

Vietnam's prime minister has announced his plans to visit the United States next month. He'll be the first Vietnamese leader to travel to the US since the end of the Vietnam War.

Prime Minister Phan Van Khai made the announcement while on an official trip to Australia. The prime minister told reporters he's planning to visit the United States in June, so the two countries could improve their relationship. He indicated issues relating to China, Vietnam's northern neighbor wouldn't be raised during the trip. He also indicated the US visit didn't signal a change in Vietnam's relationship with China. Last month marked 30 years since the fall of Saigon, now known as Ho Chi Minh City, and the end of the Vietnam War. Over 58,000 Americans were killed in the Vietnam War or remain missing, presumed dead. Over one million Vietnamese soldiers died and many more civilians.

signal ['siɡnəl]： to make a sound or action in order to give information or tell

someone to do something 发信号

Saigon： the former name of Ho Chi Minh City in southern Vietnam. It was the

capital of South Vietnam when the country was divided in two, and it was badly damaged during the Vietnam War. 西贡（越南城市，现称胡志明市）

presume [pri'zju:m]： to think that something is true, although you are not certain推测

News Item 5

The heaviest snowfall in South Africa in more than 30 years is reported to have caused the deaths of at least 17 people. Almost 50 others are missing in the Drakensbergh mountains and are believed to be taking shelter in huts or caves. Air force helicopters have rescued about 50 people from the mountains but thousands are still stranded. Thick snow has also blocked the mountain passes in the kingdom of Lesotho cutting off many villages.

take shelte ['ʃeltə] r：to protect yourself from bad weather, danger or attack躲避(雨、灾难等)

stranded ['strændid]: unable to leave somewhere because of an inconvenience such

as a lack of transport or money 被困; 陷入困境

pass [pɑ:s: a high road or path that goes between mountains to the other side: 山

口 ; (山上的)道路

Lesotho: a country in South Africa that has a lot of mountains, and is completely

surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. 莱索托（非洲南部内陆国家，四周为南非所环抱, 自然资源贫乏，经济基础薄弱，被联合国列为最不发达国家之一。）