日常交际用语 1411

一、Greetings(问候)

1. Situational Expression（情景表达法） A. Good morning! 早上好！（用于中午十二点以前。） B. Good afternoon! 下午好！（用于中午十二点至下行六点之前。） C. Good evening! 晚上好！（用于下午六点至晚上九点。） D. Hello/Hi! 你好！（相互熟悉的人之间的问候用语，比较随便，一天中任何时间均可用。） E. How are you ?

你好吗？（属于常用一般性问候身体情况用语。） F. Very well, thank you. / Fine, thank you. And you?

很好，谢谢，你好吗？（回答“How are you”的答语，前者比较正式，后者随便。） 2. Practical Dialogues (对话实例) A: How are you, Tom? B: Fine, thanks. And you?

A: I’m very well. Did you have a good summer holiday? B: Yes, thank you. How’s Kate? A: She’s OK, thanks.

二、Introductions(介绍)

1. Situational Expressions.（情景表达法） A. This is Mr /Mrs /Miss /Comrade… 这是„„先生/夫人/小姐/同志。（介绍某人给某人时的习惯用语。） B. How do you do? 你好。（初次见面时问候用语，比较正式。） C. Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you . 见到你很高兴。（见面时的客气用语。） D. My name is … I’m a student/worker. 我叫„„。我是学生/工人/„„。（向人自我介绍的用语。） 2. Practical Dialogues.（对话实例） A: Mum, this is my friend. B: How do you do? C: How do you do? B: What’s your name?

C: My name is Kate Green.

B: Nice to meet you. Sit down, please.

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C: Thank you.

三、Farewells（告别）

1.Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A.I think it’s time for us to leave now. 我想我们该走了。（一般性告别用语。） B. Good-bye/Bye-bye/Bye! 再见。（一般性告别用语。Bye-bye比Good-bye的语气更轻快、随便，有时显得比较轻松。）

C. See you later/tomorrow. See you. So long. 再见。

以上为常用告别用语，回答时只需要重复原话。 D. Good night! 晚安！（只限于晚上告别或上床睡觉时用。） 2.Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Well, I’m afraid we have to go now. B: Oh, do you have to ?

A: Yes ,I’m afraid so. It’s getting late, and we have to get up early in the morning. B: Don’t forget anything.

A: Thanks. I think we have everything. Thank you for being with us. We enjoyed ourselves very much!

B: It’s pleasure. Good night!

四、Making telephone calls.（打电话） 1. Situational Expression（情景表达法） A. Hello! May I speak to …

喂！我可以和„„通话吗？（用于叫对方听电话的习惯用语。） B. Is that … (speaking)?

是„„吗？（这是打电话的用语。在打电话时，用来询问对方是否要找的接话对象。） C. This is … speaking. 我是„„。（在打电话时，用来作自我介绍的用语。） D. Hold on , please. / Hold the line, please. / A moment, please. 请等一下。

He / She isn’t here right now. 他/她现在不在。

Can I take a message for you? 要我替你留个口信吗？ E. I called to tell / ask you … 我打电话来告诉/问你„„。

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2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） (1) A: Hello!

B: Hello! May I speak to John?

A: I’m sorry he isn’t here right now. Can I take a message for you?

B: It’s very nice of you. Please ask him to bring my English book to school tomorrow. A: OK.

B: Thanks a lot. Bye! A: It’s a pleasure. Bye! (2) A: Hello, 88067992.

B: Hello, could I speak to Jack? A: Speaking.

B: Hi, Jack.. This is Mike speaking. A: Hi, Mike! How are you?

B: Not bad. Would you like to see a film with me? A: I’d love to.

五、Thanks and responses.（感谢和应答） 1. Situational Expression（情景表达法） A. Thank you (very much). Thanks a lot. Many thanks.

以上均表示“谢谢”之意。 B. Thank you for… Thanks for… 谢谢„„。（表示为何事感谢对方，介词for后可接名词或接动词+ing 形式。） C. Not at all. That’s all right. That’s OK. It’s all right.

以上四个句子大致可译成“不用谢”或“没关系”。一般地说，当对方表示感谢时，这些句子可译成“不用谢”；表示道歉时，就译成“没关系”。 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Hello, Ann. B: Hi, Jim.

A: Thanks for asking me to the party last Sunday. I enjoyed it very much. B: Thank you for coming and for the beautiful present. A: Not at all.

六、Good wishes , congratulations , responses (祝愿、祝贺和应答)

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1.Situational Expressions (情景表达法) A. Good luck! 祝你好运！（用于希望对方在某方面取得成功，交好运时的祝愿语。） Best wishes to you.

向你表示最良好的祝愿。 Have a nice/good time. 祝你快乐。（表示“祝你玩得愉快”或“祝你过得快乐”。） Congratulations! 祝贺你！（用于祝贺对方取得成功、交好运的贺语。） B. Thank you.

C. Happy New Year! 新年快乐！

Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐！

以上均用于节日贺辞。 Happy birthday to you! 生日快乐！ D. The same to you. 祝你也一样。（用于回敬他人的贺语。） E. Say hello to …

向„„问好。请向„„致意。 Please give my best wishes to her. 请转达我对她的祝愿。

以上两句均为请对方代自己向第三者问候时用语。 F. I’ll do that. 我会那样做。（当对方请你代其转述某人的问候时，你就可以这样说。） 2.Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Good morning, Miss Zhao! B: Good morning, Mrs King!

A: Happy Teachers’ Day! Here are some flowers for you with our best wishes. B: What beautiful flowers! Thank you very much.

七、Intentions（意愿）

1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. I’m going to … 我就要（将要）（打算）做„„。（用于表示将要发生的事，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。） B. I’ll …

我将做„„

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C. I’d like to …

我想（希望）做„„ D. I want/hope/wish to … 我要/希望/想要„„

2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: What would you like to do? B: I want to go shopping. A: Can I go with you?

B: Certainly. I’m very glad of that. You can help me to carry the things. A: What would you like to buy? B: I want to buy some food.

八、Apologies and responses（道歉和应答） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. I’m sorry. (Sorry.) 对不起。（用于自己犯有过失或做错了事时的道歉语。） I’m sorry for/about …

我为„„向你表示歉意。（用法同上。） Excuse me. 对不起。（在麻烦人或自己会打扰人时用。） Sure. Certainly. 或Of course. Pardon. 对不起。（用于询问并要求对方重复原话时使用。） B. That’s all right. 没关系。

It doesn’t matter. 没关系。 Please forget it. 算了吧。

以上四句均可回答对方“I’m sorry”的歉句。 C. That’s nothing.

2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Excuse me. May I come in please? I am sorry I’m late.

B: It doesn’t matter. Please come in. But come to school earlier next time.

九、Regrets and sympathy（遗憾和同情） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. What a pity!

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That is a pity.

两个句子均有“真可惜、真遗憾”之意，对别人表示同情时用。 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） T: Who’s on duty today? S: I am.

T: Is everyone here? S: No, Tom isn’t here.

T: I remember he was here yesterday. What’s wrong? S: He is ill. He is now in hospital.

T: I’m sorry to hear that. Shall we go to see him after school? S: Good idea.

十、Invitations and responses（邀请和和应答） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. Will you come to …? 你会去„„吗？ Would you like to …? 你愿意„„吗？ Could you come to …? 你可以去„„吗？ B. What/How about …? 你认为„„怎样呢？ C. Yes, I’d love to … 我很乐意„„。（表示很乐意接受别人的邀请等用。） D. Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you. 好的，你太好了。（用法大致同上。） E. I’d love to …, but …

我很乐意„„，但„„。（用于谢绝别人的邀请的婉转说法。） 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

A: Mary, are you free this Sunday afternoon? B: Nothing much. Why?

A: Would you like to come to our party?

B: OK, thank you. I’d like to. What time shall I go?

A: Our party will begin at about half past three. Will you come a little earlier? B: What about a quarter past three?

A: That’s OK. Please come to help me get ready for the party. B: I’ll be glad to.

十一、Offers and responses[提供（帮助等）和应答]

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1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. Can/May I help you?

我可以帮你吗？

What can I do for you? 我可以帮你做点什么吗？

(以上两句是表示给别人提供帮助时用。) B. Here, take this/my …

请把这个（我的）„„拿去。 C. Let me … for you.

让我为你（做点什么）。 D. Would you like some …?

你要„„吗？（服务者用疑问句形式来表示委婉地、礼貌地向对方提供服务的用语。） E. Won’t you have some …? 你不要些„„吗？

Why don’t you have some …? 你为啥不要些„„呢？

以上两句否定疑问句，是服务者询问是否需要服务时的说法。 F. No, thanks/thank you. 不用，谢谢。

Thank you for your help. 多谢你的帮忙。 Yes, please. 谢谢。

That’s very kind of you, but … 你真好，但„„

Thanks. That would be nice/fine. 多谢，那太好了。

以上都可用作回敬的答谢用语。 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

(1) Lucy: Dad, this bag is too big. We can’t carry it. Father: OK. Let me help you. There! OK? Lucy: Thanks, Dad.

Lily: Dad, this box is too heavy.

Father: OK, let me help you, too. There! Lily: Thanks for your help, Dad.

(2) T: I want to take some books to the classroom.. Could you help me? S: Certainly.

T: Thanks. Let’s put these books in the box. S: OK.

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T: The box is heavy. Can you carry it? S: Yes, I can.

T: Thanks for your help. S: You’re welcome.

十二、Asking for permission and responses（请求允许和应答） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. May/Can/Could I …?

我可以„„吗？（用来征求对方意见用，其中用“could”表示“客气”的说法。） B. Shall I/we …?

我（我们）可以„„吗？（常用来征求对方意见，希望对方允许自己做某事，它的语气较婉转。） C. Yes. /Certainly.

Yes, please.

Of course (you may). That’s OK/all right.

以上四句均用来回答别人的请求。 D. I’m sorry, but …

对不起，但„„

一般用在谢绝别人的请求时。 You’d better not … 你最好不„„

建议别人不要做某事的用语。 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Lily, do you have a ruler?

B: Yes, I do. But it’s only a small one. A: That’s OK. Can I borrow it, please? B: Certainly. But please give it back soon. A: OK. Thanks! B: Not at all.

十三、Expressing agreement and disagreement（表示同意和不同意） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. Certainly/Sure/Of course. 当然。 Yes, please.

请吧。

Yes, I think so. 我想是的。

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All right /OK. 好的。

That’s a good idea. 好主意。

I agree (with you). 我同意„„。 That’s true.

以上各句子均用在表示同意时的答语。 B: No, I don’t think so. 不，我不这样认为。（表示谈话者不同意对方的观点。） I am afraid not. 恐怕不成。（一种比较客气地表示不同意对方意见的方式。） I really can’t agree with you. 我真的不能同意。

2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

A: I think foreign languages are more interesting than science. B: I really can’t agree with you. I prefer science.

A: I think foreign languages are as difficult as science subjects. B: I don’t agree. I think foreign languages are much easier.

A: I don’t think so. I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. B: I agree with you.

十四、Expressing certainty and uncertainty（表示肯定和不肯定） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. I’m sure.

我肯定。

I’m sure that …

（用于表示肯定的句子中。） B. I’m not sure.

我不敢肯定。

I’m not sure whether/if … 我不知道是否„„ C. Maybe/Perhaps …

也许„„（用在表示没有把握的句子中。） 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） Jim: Where’s Li Lei?

Bill: He is not here. He has to stay at home . Jim: Why?

Bill: I’m not sure . I think maybe he has to help his Dad in the garden.

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Jim: Will he come tomorrow? Bill: He’ll come if he can.

十五、 Like and dislike（喜好和厌恶） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. I like/love … (very much)

我（很）喜欢„„ I like/love to …

我喜欢（做）„„ B. I don’t like to …

我不喜欢（做）„„ I hate (to) …

我讨厌（做）„„

2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

(1) A: I don’t like summer because it’s too hot.

B: I love autumn because it’s nice and cool.

(2) A: We’re going to watch a football game. Would you like to come, too?

B: I’d love to!

十六、Talking about the weather（谈论天气） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. What’s the weather like today?

今天天气怎么样？

How’s the weather in summer? 夏天天气怎么样？

How is the weather today? 今天的天气怎样？

How do you like the weather here? 你觉得这儿天气怎样呢？

B. It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy, etc.

天气晴朗（多云，有风，下雨）„„ It’s rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isn’t it? 今天相当暖（冷，热），是吗？ 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

A: What’s the weather like in London in summer? B: It’s nice. It’s not very hot .

A: How about spring? Does it often rain? B: Yes, it does.

A: What’s the weather like in autumn, then?

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B: It’s cool in September and October. But it is cold in November. A: Does it snow in winter? B: Oh, yes, it does.

十七、Shopping（购物）

1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. What can I do for you?

May/Can I help you?

以上两句意思大致是“你要（买）点什么？”常用在商店购物或到图书馆借书时售货员或服务员的用语。

B. I want / I’d like …

我要„„（用于向店主或服务员说明自己所要的东西。） How much is it?

多少钱？（购物问价用语。）

That’s too much/expensive, I’m afraid. 我想太贵了点吧。 That’s fine, I’ll take it. 好的，我买了。（购物时常用“I’ll take it”,这儿的“take”是买的意思。） Let me have …kilo/box, etc. 我买„„公斤/箱„„

C. How many/much do you want?

你要多少？

What colour/size/kind/do you want? 你要什么颜色/尺码/种类？

D. Do you have any other kind/size/colour?

还有别的种类/尺码/颜色„„吗？ 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: What can I do for you? B: I want a new skirt, please. A: What about this one? B: How much is it? A: Fifty yuan.

B: That’s too expensive, I’m afraid.

A: Here’s a cheap one. It’s only forty yuan. B: OK. I’ll take it. Here is the money. A: All right. Thank you .

十八、Asking the way and responses（问路与应答） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法）

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A. Excuse me. Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room?

请问男/女厕所在哪儿？

Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to …? 打扰了，你能告诉我到„„的路吗？ How can I get to …? I don’t know the way. 我怎样去„„呢？我不认识路。 B. Go down this street.

顺着这条街往前走。

Turn right/left at the first/second crossing. 到第一/二条十字路口再往右/左拐。 It’s about … metres from here. 离这儿大约„„米。

2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the post office, please? B: I’m sorry, I don’t know. A: Thank you all the same.

A: Excuse me. Where is the post office , please?

C: Go along this street, and take the second turning on the right. You’ll find it in front of you. A: Thanks a lot. C: You’re welcome.

十九、Asking the time or date and responses（问时间或日期和应答） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. What day is (it) today?

今天星期几？（用于问星期几） What’s the date today?

今天是几月几号？（用于问日期） What time is it?

什么时间？（用于问时间） What’s the time, please? 几点了？（用于问时间） C. It’s Monday/ Tuesday.

今天是星期一/二。 It’s January 10th. 今天是一月十号。

It’s five o’clock/ half past five/ a quarter to five/ five thirty, etc. 五点钟（五点半、差一刻钟是五点、五点半）。 It’s time for…

是„„的时候了。

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2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Excuse me, what day is it today? B: It’s Friday.

A: What’s the date today? B: It’s February 9th. A: What time is it?

B: It’s five o’clock. Why do you ask so many questions about time?

A: Do you remember there will be a football match at six this afternoon? B: Oh, yes. Hurry up.

二十、Requests（请求）

1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. Can/ Could you … for me? 你能给我„„吗？

Will/ Would you please…? 请你（做）„„好吗？ May I have…?

我可以要„„吗？ C. Please give/ pass me…

请给（递给）我„„ Please wait here / a moment. 请在这儿等一下（等一会儿）。 Please wait (for) your turn.. 请等着轮候吧。

Please stand in line/ line up. 请排队。 Please hurry. 请快些。

D. No noise, please.

请别吵。

No smoking, please. 请勿吸烟。

2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Could you help me, please? B: What’s wrong?

A: My bike is broken. Can you mend it for me? B: Yes, I can. Let me have a look. It’s OK now. A: Great! Thank you very much. B: Not at all.

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二十一、Advice and suggestions(劝告和建议) 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. You’d better …

你最好（做）„„（通常建议别人去做某事时用。） You should …

你应该（做）„„（用法同上。） You need (to) …

你需要去（做）„„（用于劝告某人做某事。） C. Shall we …?

做„„好吗？ Let’s …

让我们（做）„„吧。（说话者建议与对方共同做某事。） What/ How about …? 你认为„„好吗？

2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: My shoes are worn out . B: Can’t they be mended? A: No, look at these holes.

B: You’d better buy a new pair, then.. A: Yes, you are right.

二十二、Prohibition and warnings(禁止和警告) 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A: You can’t/ mustn’t … 你不能（不必、不准）（做）„„（用于禁止某人做某事。） If you …, you’ll …

如果你„„，就得（做）„„（一般用于禁止或劝告某人做某事。） Take care! Be careful! Look out!

以上三句均有“小心”之意，常用来提醒某人。 Danger! 危险！

除以上所列到的句型外，还可用以下几种句型来表示“禁止”或“警告”： (1)Be sure you don’t … (2)Be sure not to … (3)You’d better not … (4)If you…, you’ll/ I’ll…

(5)If you do that again, I’ll /you’ll… (6)If you don’t want to, you’d better…

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2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

A: You must be more careful! That car nearly hit you. B: I wanted to get my ball.

A: Well, you mustn’t play on the road. It’s too dangerous. A car may hit you. B: Oh, thanks.

二十三、Expressing certain emotions（表示感情） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） (1) Pleasure（喜悦）

A. I’m glad/pleased/happy to … 我很高兴（做）„„ B. That’s nice.

That’s wonderful/great.

以上两句均有“太好（太棒、太精彩）了”之意。 (2) Anxiety（焦虑） A. What’s wrong?

What’s the matter (with you)?

以上两句是“怎么回事？”或“你怎么啦？”之意。 B. I’m/He’s/She’s worried. 我（他、她）很忧虑。 Oh, what shall I/we do?

哦，我（我们）怎么办呢？（在忧虑的环境中提出意见时用。） (3) Surprise（惊奇） A. Really? 真的吗？ Oh, dear! 天哪！ Is that so? 是吗？

以上用于惊奇的环境中所发出的惊呼声。 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

A: Kate! It’s late! Why are you still in bed? If you don’t go soon, you will be late. B: Mum, I don’t feel very well.

A: Oh, dear! What’s wrong with you? B: I don’t know. I don’t feel well.

A: Really? If you are ill, you must go and see the doctor. B: Can I have some breakfast first?

A: No, you mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor.

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B: Mum! I feel a little better now.

二十四、Taking meals（就餐）

1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. What would you like to eat/drink? 你想吃（喝）点什么？

Would you like something to eat/drink? 你喜欢吃（喝）„„吗？

以上两句是服务员执行顾客用语。 B. I’d like …

我想（要）„„（顾客向服务员提出所要的东西时用。） C. Would you like some more …? 你再要些„„好吗？ Help yourself to some …

请吃些„„（请客时可常用这句话。）

D. Thank you. I’ve had enough/just a little, please. 谢谢，够了（只要一点点。） 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

A.: Would you like something to drink? What about a glass of milk? B: No, thanks. I think I’d like a bottle of orange juice. What about you?

A: I’d like a cup of tea. What about something to eat? B: Some cakes, please.

A: OK. Help yourself to some cakes. B: Thank you.

二十五、 Making appointments（约会） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. Are you free this afternoon/evening? 今天下午（晚上）你有空吗？

How about tomorrow morning/evening? Shall we meet at 4:30 at …?

我们四时三十分在„„见面好吗？ 以上三句在约会前常用。 B. Yes, that’s all right. 好吧。（用于约会时的应诺。） Yes, I’ll be free then. 是的，那时我有空。（用于约会时的应诺。） C. No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free …

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不，我那时没空，但„„时我有空。 D. All right. See you then. 好吧，到时候再见。

2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Are you free this Sunday? B: Yes, I think so.

A: Shall we go to the park? B: But I’ve been there twice. A: What about going to the zoo? B: Good idea.

A: When shall we meet?

B: Let’s make it half past two. A: OK. See you then. Bye. B: Bye.

二十六、Passing on a message（传递信息） 1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法）

A. Would you please give this note/message to …? 你能否给„„带这张条子（这个口信）？

这句话通常用于要求对方帮助传递信息或捎带口信时用。 … asked me to give you this note/message. „„要（让）我给你这张条子。 B. Thanks for the message. 谢谢你告诉我。（感谢传递者的帮忙时用。） 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例）

A: Your teacher asked me to give you a message. B: What does she say?

A: She says that she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk. B: Thanks.

二十七、Seeing a doctor（看病）

1. Situational Expressions（情景表达法） A. There’s something wrong with … „„不舒服。

I’ve got a cough and a headache. 我咳嗽、头痛。 I feel terrible (bad). 我感觉不舒服。 I don’t feel well.

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我感觉不舒服。 I’ve got a pain here. 我这儿痛。 This place hurts. 这个地方痛。

以上句子常用于病人向医生陈述患处。 B. Take the medicine three times a day. 服这些药，每天三次。

Drink plenty of water and have a good rest. 多喝点水，好好休息。 It’s nothing serious. 不严重。

You’ll be all right/well soon. 你很快就会好的。

以上句子是医生对病人常说的用语。 2. Practical Dialogues（对话实例） A: Good morning, doctor.

B: Good morning, little girl. What’s your trouble? A: I’ve got a headache.

B: How long have you been like this? A: Ever since last night.

B: Open your mouth and say “Ah.” Oh, you catch a cold. Don’t worry. Take some medicine and have a rest. You’ll be all right. A: Thank you, doctor.

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