unit8八年级上

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

一．必记单词

1. shake n .&v. 摇动：抖动 2. pour v. 倒出；倾倒 3. yogurt n. (= yoghurt) 酸奶 4. honey n. 蜂蜜 5. watermelon n. 西瓜 6. spoon n. 勺；调羹 7. add v. 增加；添加 add...to 添加„„到„„ add to 增加

add up to 加起来等于，总计达到 8. finally adv. 最后；最终 9. salt n. 食盐 10. sugar n. 食糖 11. cheese n. 干酪；奶酪 12. corn n. 玉米；谷物 13. machine n. 机器

14. dig v. 掘（地）；凿（洞）；挖(土) 15. hole n. 洞；孔；坑

16. sandwich n. 夹心面包片；三明治 17. butter n. 黄油；奶油 18. piece n. 片；块；段

19. traditional adj. 传统的；惯例的 20. autumn n. 秋天

21. traveler n. 漂泊者；旅行者；游客 22. English n. 英语 23. celebrate v. 庆祝；庆贺 24. mix v. （使）混合；融合

mix...with... 把„和„混合 mix up 弄乱

25. pepper n. 甜椒；柿子椒 26. fill n. 充满；装满（及物动词） 27. plate n. 盘子；碟子

28. cover v. 遮盖；覆盖 n. 覆盖物；盖子 29. serve n. 接待；服务；提供 30. temperature n. 温度；气温；体温 31. blender n. 食物搅拌器

32. peel v. 剥皮；去皮 peel an apple 削苹果皮 n. 果皮 apple peel 苹果皮 32. pot n. 锅

33. popcorn n. 爆米花 34. turkey n. 火鸡 35. lettuce n. 莴苣；生菜 36. Thanksgiving n. 感恩节 37. oven n. 烤箱；烤炉 38. gravy n. (调味) 肉汁 39. milk shake 奶昔

二、常考词组及课文知识点

1. milk shake 奶昔 2. Turn on the blender.

①这是一个祈使句。祈使句用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等。祈使句的主语一般都是第二人称you，但往往省略。祈使句的谓语用动词原形。否定祈使句通常用don’t开头。

Eg. Come and look at the picture. Don’t eat anything in class.

②turn on “接通(电流，煤气，水等)；打开”，其反义短语为turn off，意为“关闭；切断（电流、煤气、水等）。

Eg. Please turn on the radio. Don’t forget to turn off the light.

Notice: 由动词和副词构成的动词短语接代词作宾语时，代词必须放在这两个词的中间，接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在副词之后，也可放在两词之间。 辨析：turn on 与open turn on 打开；接通（电源等） 通常指打开水龙头、电灯、电视等电器的开关。其对应短语是turn off open 打开；敞开 通常指把关着或封着的门窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词是close 一言辨异：Open the door and turn on all the lights. 3. pour„into„ 把„倒入„ 4. a/one cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶

“基数词/不定冠词+计量单位名词+of”可以用来表示数量，修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数。

Eg. a cup of tea一杯茶 three bags of salt三袋盐

five baskets of flowers 五篮子花 ten bottles of water 十瓶水 5. a good idea 好主意 6. on Sunday 在星期六

7. Cut up the bananas 切碎香蕉（P57）

cut up “切碎”,相当于cut···into pieces. Cut up是一个“动词+副词”型短语，代词作宾语时只能放在两词之间；名词作宾语时，可放在两词之间，也可以放在up的后面。

Eg. Hand the meat to me. I’ll cut it up. Please help cut up the apples.

8. Next,put the beef, carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water.

①put„into„ “将„倒入/灌入„”。相当于“put···in”。into 为介词，意为“到···里；进到···内”。 Eg. Please pour the water into the bowl. 辨析：into与in

into “进入···”，是表示动在1.She walked into the room. 态的介词不可以用作副put,throw,break,lay,f 词。 in all等动词之后，既2.She is walking in the “在···内”，是表示静可以用in，也可以room. 态的介词。可以用作副用into，这时in也3.He put all the books 词(Come in!)。 表示动态，常含有in/into the bag. into的意思。 ②add及物动词，意为“增加；添加”。Add···to···意为“添加···到···”。 Eg. Remember to add some money.

If you add five to six, you will get eleven.

补充：add to意为“增加”， add up to 意为“加起来等于，总计达” 9.① one more thing 还有一件事

more也可以表示“又；再”，但与基数词连用时，它与another位置不同，another在基数前，more在基数后。

Eg. We stayed there for two more days.

②another 10 minutes “另外十分钟”，“another + 基数词 + 名词”表示“又/再/另····”。

【“基数词 + more + 名词”相当于“another + 基数词 + 名词”】 10. a piece of 一片∕张∕段∕首„„ 11. at this time 在这时

12. a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，相当于several或some，表示肯定概念。

辨析：a few, few, a little 与 little 意义 功能 肯定（有些；有几个） 否定（几乎没有） 修饰可数名词复数 a few few 修饰不可数名词复数 a little little Eg. There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.

There are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn’t buy any at once.

【巧记：few,little有异同，可数或不可数要记清，其前有“a”表肯定，其前无“a”表否定。注：“可不可数”指的是few修饰可数名词，little修饰不可数名词。】

13. fill„with„ “用„„把„„装满”，“用···填充···”

Full形容词，意为“满的”，be full of表示“充满”，相当于“be filled with”。 【be filled with是一个固定短语，意为“充满”。The large box is filled with books.】

14. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.

①place此处用作及物动词，意为“放置；安置”。 Don’t place the bottle near the fire.

②cover此处用做及物动词，意为“覆盖；遮盖”。cover„with„ 意为“用„„覆盖„„”；be coved with意为“被···所覆盖”

Eg. Ann covered her face with her hands.

The mountain is covered with thick snow all year round. 15. one by one 一个接一个；逐个；依次 16. a long time 很长时间

17. how many + 可数名词复数 多少„„

18. how much + 不可数名词复数 多少„„（用来询问不可数名词的数量，可单独使用，其后也可接不可数名词。同时也可以用来询问价钱） --- I want some orange. --- How much do you want?

How much water is there in the bottle? How many pens does Mary have?

Notice:询问可数名词的数量用how many。How many后接可数名词复数形式。 19. let sb.+ do sth. 让某人做某事 20. want + to do sth. 想要做某事 21. forget + to do sth. 忘记去做某事 22. how + to do sth. 如何做某事 Do you know how to plant a tree?

“ how to plant a tree”是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作谓语动词know的宾语。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 Eg. When to start is a problem.（做主语）

The farmer taught us how to plant rice.（作宾语） The question was where to go.（作表语） 23. there are many reasons for ... „„有许多理由 24.一段时间+ ago „„ 以前 25. by + doing sth. 通过做某事 26. need + to do sth. 需要做某事

27. Then, make the chicken soup very hot, over 100℃。

①make + 宾语 + 形容词，“使„„怎样”，形容词作宾语补足语。

What made the boy unhappy? Try to make your bedroom tidy.

[make后还常接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，即make sb. Do sth.,“使某人做某事”。The manager made the workers work all night.]

②over此处用作介词，意为“超过；多于”，相当于more than。 He spoke for over an hour.

28. It’s time (for sb.) + to do sth. 到（某人）做某事的时间了。 Eg. It’s time for us to have a rest.

It’s time for sth.也是一个常用句型，意为“到（做）某事的时间了”。For是介词，后接名词或代词。

Eg. It’s time for dinner.

29. First„Next„Then„Finally„ 首先„接下来„然后„最后„（用来描述做某件事的过程或步骤的先后，使叙述更加有条理）

30. How do you make a banana milk shake?

①这是一个特殊疑问句，疑问词how意为“怎样；如何”，用以对做某事的方法、方式、途径及动作程度等进行提问。 How do you run the machine?

②make及物动词，意为“制作”，其后常接宾语，即make sb. Sth.或make sth.for sb.，意为“为某人制作某物”。

Lucy made a beautiful card for me. 【有关make的常用短语：】

make the bed铺床 make tea沏茶 make trouble惹麻烦

make money赚钱 make a telephone call打电话

make a visit拜访 make a decision做决定 make a mistake犯错误 make a living谋生 make a noise弄出噪音 make sure务必 31. How many bananas do we need?

need此处用作实义动词，意为“需要”，其后可接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。

Eg. 1.I need an apple.

2.She needs to have a try. 3.--- Does she need to come?

--- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. 4. You don’t need to do it at once.

Notice: need后接动词不定式且用于否定句时，表示“不必”，指没有义务或不必去做某事。

32. Here is one way to make turkey for the Thanksgiving dinner.

one way to do sth.意为“做某事的一种方法/方式”，其中动词不定式做名词way的定语，该结构相当于one way of doing sth.。

Eg. Do you know a good way to learn English?

= Do you know a good way of learning English? 33.···and is a time to give thanks for good in the autumn.（p61)

动词不定式短语 to give thanks for good in the autumn在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词time。动词不定式（短语）若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。

Eg. Spring is the best time to fly kites.

Many animals have no place to live in now.

I have a letter to write.（write在句中是及物动词）

I have no pen to write with.（write在句中是不及物动词） 【当动词不定式中的动词和被修饰的词是动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词时，其后应加上适当的介词】

34. At this time, people also remember the first travelers from England who came to live in America about 400 years ago.（p61）

关系代词who引导的句子作定语，修饰名词travelers,我们称这个句子为定语从句。如果被修饰的名词或代词指人，定语从句由who, whom或that引导。 Eg. The man who we met just now is my English teacher. Tom is a kind boy who often helps others. 35. “by + v.-ing形式”意为“通过做某事”。介词by意为“通过···，凭···，以···”，后面常接v.-ing形式，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。常用来回答How do you···?或How can I···?这类问句。 --- How do you learn English?

--- I learn English by listening to English songs. 【①by + 交通工具，“乘/坐···”。I went to work by bus. ②by + 时间，“到···时（为止）；在···以前”。 I must be in bed by ten o’clock. ③by + 地点，“在···旁边”。 They lived by the sea. 】

36. To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles, chicken soup, chicken,lettuce and eggs.(p63)

在本句中动词不定式短语to make this special food作目的状语。动词不定式（短语）作目的状语时可以位于句首，与后面的句子常用逗号隔开，意为“为了

做某事”。

To pass the driving test, he practices again and again.

To buy her favorite book, she went to the bookshop on foot.

三、语法专项

可数名词与不可数名词 【教材典句】

1、--- How many bananas do we need?

--- We need three bananas.

2. --- How much yogurt do we need? --- We need one cup of yogurt.

其中banana是可数名词，yogurt是不可数名词。英语中的名词分为这两种。 【语法全解】

1. 分辨可数名词和不可数名词

（1）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词只有单数形式。 Eg. pen---pens bread

(2)不定冠词、基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量；而不可数名词在表示数量时则用“不定冠词/基数词 + 计量单位名词 + of + 不可数名词”。 Eg. an apple, a piece of bread, two photos, four cups of water

(3)可数名词复数前可用many,some,any,few,a few等修饰；不可数名词前可用much,some,any,little,a little等修饰。

Eg. many teachers, much money, some books, some juice

(4)提问可数名词的数量用how many，提问不可数名词的数量用how much. Eg. How many books do you want? How much salt do we need? 2.可数名词的复数

名词复数的变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 （1）规则变化

名词复数的构成，通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es，其方法如下： 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加-s 在清辅音后读/ s /, book--books 在浊辅音和元音dog---dogs student---students 后读/ z /, hand---hands 在t后读/ ts /, 在d后读/ dz / class--classes 以s, x, sh, ch等结加-es 读/ iz / watch---watches 尾的大多数词 box---boxes city---cities 以辅音字母加y结变y为i，再加-es 读/ z / baby---babies 尾的词 factory---factories 以f(e)结尾的词 变f(e)为v，再加-es 读/ vz / wife---wives half---halves leaf---leaves tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes 以字母o结尾的词 有生命的加-es 无生命的加-s hero---heroes radio---radios photo---photos zoo-zoos (2)不规则变化

①改变单数名词中的元音字母。Man---men, tooth---teeth ②词尾有变化。Child---children, mouse---mice

③单复数同形。Sheep---sheep, deer---deer, Chinese---Chinese

（3）通常情况下，当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，其复数形式只需将其主体词变为复数形式。但man或woman修饰另一个名词时，变复数时要将名词及man和woman都变成复数。

Eg. girl student--- girl students, new-comer---- new-comers,

a man driver--- men drivers, a woman teacher--- women teachers 巧记：

可数名词有复数，s结尾占多数。

不可数名词无复数，表“量”要用“容器”词； 用在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Exercise：

I. 完成对话，并进行口语演练。 1）A: Let’s make a fruit salad.

B: Ok. ___1_____ apples do we need? A: Oh, only one. And we need honey and bananas. B: _____2_____ honey do we need? A: About two teaspoons. _____3_____ we cut up the apples. B: What else?

A: Next we _____4____ the bananas. _____5______ we cut up the bananas. B: All right.

A: _____6_____ we eat the salad, right? B: Right.

2) A: Let’s make a fruit salad.

B: Ok. Do you ____1_____ bananas? A: Yes, I do. How ____2_____ bananas do we need? B: Two.

A: How many watermelons?

B: Oh, only one watermelon. And we ____3_____ some cinnamon(肉桂). A: How _____4_____ cinnamon do we need? B: Let me _____5______. One teaspoon. A: How many apples do we need?

B: Two should be _____6___ . And yogurt（酸奶酪, 酵母乳）. A: How much yogurt do we need?

B: A cup. Now what ____7_____ do we need? Oh, do you have any oranges? A: Yes, I have _____8____. How many oranges do we need? B: ____9_____ one.

II. 单项选择。

1. _________ lady in red over there is ill in _________ hospital.

A. The; the B. A; / C. The; / D. A; the 2. --_________ a week do you exercise? --Twice a week.

A. How often B. How many times C. How long D. How far 3. The Greens _________ to France next weekend.

A. is flying B. flies C. fly D. are flying 4. _________ Dangshen is good for your health.

A. To eating B. Eating C. Eatting D. For eating 5. Shanghai is larger than __________ in India.

A. any other city B. any other cities C. any city D. any cities 6. Who can _________ the baby _________?

A. to make; stop to cry B. make; to stop crying C. to make; stop crying D. make; stop crying 7. Liu Ying is not _________ sports as her sister.

A. as good in B. so good at C. as well in D. so well at 8. In our school, there are more than one hundred _________ and over one thousand _________.

A. woman teachers; girl students B. women teachers; girl students C. women teachers; girls students D. woman teachers; girls students 9. Five days is __________ than a week.

A. little B. more C. less D. few 10. I would like ___________ a town __________ Alice Springs.

A. visit; called B. visiting; calling C. visit; call D. to visit; called

11. –What can I do for you?

--Please ___________ two apples and then _________. A. peel; cut them up B. peel; cut up them C. get; cut them D. get; cut them down 12. –First, put some _________ sauce on the crust. --Yes, I know.

A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomatos 13. We’re thirsty. Please give us _________.

A. one slice of bread B. two cup of milk C. three cups of water D. four slice of bread 14. --_________ is your telephone number? --It’s 2016531.

A. How much B. How many C. Which D. What 15. Tom told me he said it just __________.

A. fun B. funny C. for finnier D. for fun 16. Would you like __________ now?

A. some drink things B. anything to drink C. something to drink D. eat something

17. What clothes is she _________ today?

A. to put on B. wearing C. putting on D. wear 18. –Would you like some _________? ---Oh, yes. Just a little.

A. bananas B. bread C. apples D. tomatoes

19. Pour the milk __________ the blender.

A. in B. into C. on D. at 20. Father is _________ the wood in order to make a fire.

A. cutting up B. cutting off C. cutting through D. cutting down

21. That man was seen __________ that house.

A. enter B. entered C. to enter D. entering 22. Everything for our new house is bought, so we _________ anything.

A. need to not buy B. don’t need buy C. needn’t buy D. not need to buy

23. –How many students are there in your school?

---________ the students in our school ________ over three thousand.

A. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are

24. If you’re thirsty. Why ________ some tea?

A. not to drink B. dring not C. not drink D. to not drink

25. There’s __________ chicken in the fridge. Go and buy some.

A. a little B. little C. few D. a few III. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. How many __________(run) are there in a relay race(接力赛)? 2. Could you cut the pear into two __________(half)? 3. Two _________(hour) ride is not so long.

4. How many _________(teaspoon) of cinnamon do you need? 5. Happy _________(child) Day!

6. It’s necessary for us _________(learn) English well. 7. I’m the first _________(arrive) here. 8. The rain _________(stop) soon.

9. You ________(not must) be late for school.

10. There are some __________(sandwich) on the table.

11. Young people like _________(listen) to pop or rock muisc. 12. What do you need _________(buy) for supper? IV. 句型转换

1. I need one apple.（改为一般疑问句） you one apple? 2. They need yogurt. (改为否定句) They yogurt.

3. Drink the milk shake. (以he为主语改写句子）

the milk shake every day.

4. Tom had two eggs and a piece of bread for lunch. (对划线部分提问） Tom for lunch?

5. We need one spoon of honey. (对划线部分提问） How do you need?

V. 完形填空。

Food is very important. Everyone need to ___1_____ well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This food is ____2_____. We begin to get knowledge even when we are very young. Small children are ____3_____ in everything around them. They learn ___4______ while they begin to ____5_____ story boods, science books…anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and ____6______ to find out the answers. What is the best ____7____ to get knowledge. If we learn _____8_____ ourselves, we will get the most knowledge. If we are ____9____ getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand _____10____ 1. A. sleep B. read C. drink D. eat 2. A. sport B. exercise C. knowledge D. meat 3. A. interested B. interesting C. weak D. better 4. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything 5. A. lend B. read C. learn D. write 6. A. try B. have C. think D. wait 7. A. place B. school C. way D. road 8. A. on B. with C. to D. by

9. A. often B. always C. usually D. sometimes 10.A. harder B. much C. better D. well VI．阅读理解。

A

“Dreams may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream,” some scientists say. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams each night.

Deams are like short films. They are usually in colour. Some dreams are like old films. They come up over and over again. That may be the dreamer worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.

Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may have been thinking about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams.

Too much dreaming can be harmful. The more we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.

1.It may be less important to sleep than to __________

A. think B. dream C. work D. study 2. Dreams and films are usually _________.

A. very long B. in colour C. about work D. very sad

3. Why do some people often dream about their work? A. Because they are tired in the daytime.

B. Because they are not interested in their work.

C. Because they may be thinking about their work all day. D. Because they have too much work to do. 4. The main idea of the story is that ___________.

A. what dream is B. people like to sleep

C. dreams are like films D. we always remember dreams 5. Which sentence is right? A. It is good to sleep longer.

B. We will feel tired after a long time. C. The mind is working when we dream.

D. All people can find an answer of the work in the dream. B

Do you know how to make delicious rice? Let me tell you ! First, you have to buy some good quality rice. Then, pour two cups of rice into a pot (锅）.

After that, it is very important that you wash the rice only with clean cold water. Pour some cold water into the pot and swirl (搅动) the rice around in it. When the water turns white, pour out the water but not the rice. You should repeat this until the water does not turn white.

Next, add two cups of water to the pot. Then put the pot on the stove (炉子) and turn the stove on to high. As soon as the water boils, turn the stove down. Finally, wait for twenty minutes and then turn the stove off.

If you follow these easy instructions, it is easy to make a great pot of rice. ( )1. What’s the 4th step to make rice according to the material? A. To pour the rice into a pot. B. To wash the rice.

C. To add water to the pot. D. To turn the stove off.

( )2. We should wash the rice .

A.with hot water B.with cold water C.only once D.twice

( )3. The underlined word “repeat” means “ “ in Chinese. A.停止 B.等待 C.预备 D.重复 （ )4. How long does it take to cook rice on the stove? A. About 10 minutes. B. About 15 minutes.

C. Between 15 and 20 minutes. D. More than 20 minutes. ( )5. We can find this material .

A.in a news magazine B.on a menu

C.in a food magazine D.in a storybook