初中英语语法专题---介词

介词

考点知识测验

1. There is a post office ________ the other side ________ the street. 2. Sam was angry ________ them and he left _________ telling anybody. 3. Work had and you’ll catch up _________ others. 4. We can surf much information ________ the Internet. 5. They often learn English _______ each other.

6. The poor old man died ________ the evening of October 10. 7. The little girl ________ red looked beautiful. 8. Do you know the key ________ success?

9. They walked along the river _______ another ten minutes. 10. I usually spend three hours ________ doing my homework. 11. Look! They’re waiting ______ the bus ______ the bus-stop. 12. ---How do you go to work every day? ---______ underground.

13. I think the dictionary is quite useful ______ you. 14. She began to play the piano _______ the age ______ five. 15. How much did you pay ______ your new dress?

一、【考点分析】 一、介词短语的形式：

介词是一种虚词，不能存在。它必须和随后的补足成分（又称“介词宾语”）一起构成介词短语，才能用于句中。介词宾语可以是名词、代词、数词、动名词、wh-短语、从句等。现分别举例如下： ⑴ 介词＋名词，例如：(go) by bus 乘公共汽车（去）(play) in the park 在公园里（玩）(come) on Sunday 星期天（来）

⑵ 介词＋代词，例如：(talk) to oneself 对自己（说），自言自语 (a letter) for you 给你的（信）(not…) at all 一点也（不）

⑶ 介词＋数词，例如：(cut sth) in two （把……切）成两半

⑷ 介词＋动名词，例如：(a way) of doing that 做那件事的（方式）be good at drawing pictures善于画画

⑸ 介词＋wh-短语，例如：(talk) about what to do next（谈论）下一步该做什么 ⑹ 介词＋从句，例如：Please think of what I said. 请你考虑我说的话。

二、介词短语的基本用法：

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⑴ 介词短语用作表语，例如：The post office is just across the street.

She looks so much like her mother.

⑵ 介词短语用作宾语补足语，例如：I was surprised to find him on the bus.

Please make yourself at home.

⑶ 介词短语用作后置定语，例如：The girl in the hat is my sister.

Do you like the jacket on the left?

Did you see the house with many trees around it?

⑷ 介词短语用作状语，例如：

What are you going to do on Christmas? A policeman is standing next to him. By the way, what time is it now?

Miss Zhao came in with a big smile on her face.

二、常考点清单

一、初中英语常用介词短语 1．at once 立刻 2．at last 最后 3．at first 起先，首先 4．at the age of... 在……岁时 5．at the end of... 在……之末 6．at the beginning of．．在……之初 7．at the foot of... 在……脚下 8．at the same time 同时 9．at night/noon 在夜里／中午

10. with one's help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助 11. with the help of．．． 在……的帮助下 12. with a smile 面带笑容 13. with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 14. after a while 过了一会儿 15. from now on 从现在起 16. from then on 从那时起 17. for example 例如 18. far away from 远离 19. from morning till night 从早到晚 20. by and by 不久 21. by air mail寄航空邮件

22. by bike/air/train/bus骑自行车／乘飞机／火车／公共汽车 23. by ordinary mail寄平信 24. by the way顺便说 25. by the window在窗边 26. by the end of...到……底为止 27. little by little逐渐地 28. in all总共 29. in fact事实上 30. in one's twenties在某人二十几岁时 31.in a hurry匆忙 32.in the middle of在……中间 33. in no time( in a minute)立刻，很快 34. in time( on time)及时 35. in public公众，公开地 36. in order to为了…． 37. in( the) front of在……前面 38. in the sun在阳光下 39. in the end最后，终于 40. in surprise惊奇地 41. in turn依次 42. of course当然 43.a bit( of)有一点儿 44.a lot of许多 45.a little -点儿 46. on one's way to某人在去……的路上 47. on foot步行，走路 48.a talk on space关于太空的报告 49. on the other hand另一方面 50. at/on the weekend在周末 51．on the left( right)在左（右）边 52. on the other side of在……另一边 53. on the radio通过收音机（无线电广播） 54. to one's joy使……高兴的是 55．to one's surprise使……惊讶的是

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二、常用介词的基本用法

基本 基本用法 例子 分类 at多用于表示具体的钟点时刻前，也可用at seven 时 于固定搭配中，表示的时间大多比较短暂。 at a quarter to one 间 at noon at night 介 in表示一段时间，如：年、月、世纪、四in the twenty-first century 季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等。还in autumn 词 可用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多in the morning 久以后”的短语。 They will finish the work in an hour. on主要用于表示星期几，具体某一天的on Mid-autumn Day 早、午、晚或用在时间名词有形容词修饰 on June lst 前。 on a sunny morning since指从某时一直延续至今，后接时间点/He has studied English since 2000. 时间段+ago/从句，主句用完成时。 He has been in Guangzhou since two years ago. from.说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现From now on, I will learn English in the 在、将来的某种时态。 mornings. for指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段 I have studied English for six years. after:(1)过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用They finished the work after two years. 于过去时。(2)与时间点连用表示在将来某I’ll ring you up after two o'clock. 个时间之后。 until用于否定句中，意为“直到……才”，I didn't go to bed until my mother came home. 其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词；用在肯I waited for my mother until she came home. 定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。 “by+时间点”表示“到……为止”，如果byWe had learned l,000 English words by the end of 后加“将来的时间点”应用一般将来时；如last term. 果by后跟一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时。 “during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某He lives with us during these years. 期间的动作。 before表示时间，意为“在……之前”。 Please bring your homework before ten o'clock. at表示较小的地点。（如车站，村庄等） at the bus stop； at home； 地 at 249 Xiajiu Road in表示较大的地方。(国家、城市等) in China； 点 用在地点名词前不用介词 in the world 文案大全

实用文档 如：arrive home/here/there 介 on表示“在……上面”，强调表面接触。 Look at the book on the desk. There is a bridge over the river. 词 over指“在……正上方”，表垂直在上。 Raise your anus above your head. above指“在上方”，属于斜上方。 below表示“在下方或位置低于……”，The coat reaches below the knees. 不一定有垂直在下之意。 the questions below There are many bikes under the tree. under表示“在……正下方”。 in front of表示“在……之前”（范围There are some trees in front of the classroom. 外）。 Our teacher usually sits in the front of the in the front of表示“在……的前部”（范classroom. 围内）。 before所表示的位置关系和in front ofHe sits before me. He sits in front of me. 通用，表示“在……前”，“在……面前”。 behind表示“在……后面”，是in front ofDon't hide behind the tree. 的反义词。 at the back of表示“在…后部”：是in the There' is a blackboard at the back of our front of的反义词。 classroom. We live by the river. by表示“在……旁边”，与beside同义。 Who's that girl beside the boy? beside“在……旁边”，强调靠近。 near“在……附近”，距离比by和next toIs there a hospital near here? 远。 next to“靠近……旁边”，相当于close The boy next to her is my classmate. to。 between“在……之间”，强调两者之间You must choose one between her and me. 或众多事物的“两两之间”。 among“在……之间”，表示“在三者或He is the tallest among all the children. 三者以上之间”。 Let's show you around the city. around表示“在……周围”，强调环境。 into表示有特定的运动方向，常与动词The hare ran into the forest. 连用，意为“进入”。 The hare came out of its cave. out of表示“从……里面出来”，是into的反义词。 The little dog can go through the hole in the through表示从空间“穿过”。 door. 文案大全

实用文档 across表示从平面“穿过”。 Go across the bridge and then turn left． cross 动词，表示穿过；走过 Cross the street. to( toward，towards)表示方向，意为“到My father will go to Beijing next week. 某地”或“朝向”。 The window opens towards the south． along表示“顺着，沿着”。 Come along this street. with表示使用的工具或手段，一般接You must do your exam with a pen． 具体的手段或工具。 They go to work by bike. 方 by表示一种方式和方法，后面名词不The old man made a living by selling 式加冠词，也无复数形 newspapers. 介式。by也可以修饰动名词。 词 You can write in black ink． in表示使用的材料或语言。 What's this in English? Say it in English. Speak English 短according to根据；at the end of在……末端；at the foot of在……脚下； 语 at the top of在……顶上；because of 因为；instead of 替代 介together with 和……一起 up to 直到 词 介词 +名词 in ink用墨水； 介in time及时； 词in English用英语 短 play with 和……一起玩； 语 动词 +介词 laugh at嘲笑； look after照顾； wait for等待： pay for为……付钱 be careful about对……小心； be+形容词+介词 be good at擅长于……； be angry with对……生气； be famous for以……出名 be proud of 为……而骄傲

易错点：

1．表示地点的介词in，on和to的用法

in表示在某一地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；to表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）；on表示与某地的毗邻关系。

Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 位于中国的东南部。（范围之内） Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。（范围之外，不接壤） Korea is on the east of China. 朝鲜毗邻中国的东边。（毗邻） 2．be made / used之后介词的选择 (1) be made常见结构 ①be made in在某地制造

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My mother likes to buy things which are made in China. ②be made of和be made from都可以表示“由……制成”，但be made of强调从品上能看出原材料，而be made from则表示从成品上看不出原材料。

The desk is made of wood.这张桌子是由木头制成的。

This paper is made from wood．这种纸是由树木制成的。 ③be made into被制成……

This piece of wood will be made into a small bench.这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。 ④be made up of由……组成

The group is made up of five students. 这一组由五个学生组成。 (2) be used常见结构

①be used to= become used to习惯于（做）=get used to...，后接名词、代词或动名词形式。

He is used to getting up early.他习惯于早起。 ②be used to被用来（做）……，后接动词原形。

A pan is used to cook． 锅是用来炒菜的。

③be used for意义相当于be used to do，但for后接动名词形式。

A pan is used for cooking. 锅是用来炒菜的。 ④be used as被当作……来使用。

A dictionary is used as a tool for study. 词典是被用来作为学习的工具。 ⑤be used by被……使用。

My car was used by my friend yesterday. 我的车昨天由我朋友使用。 ⑥used to过去常常做，而现在已经不做，后接动词原形。

He used to go to see a film on Friday evening. 他以前总是星期五晚上去看电影。（意思是现在就不是这样了。）

四、易错点清单

一、容易误用的介词 1．in和on的区别

on the tree表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”。 There are some apples on the tree.树上有些苹果。 in the tree表示人或其他东西“在树上”。

There are some monkeys in the tree.树上有些猴子。 on the wall表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”。 ’ There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅面。 in the wall表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。 There is a hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。 2．between和among的区别

between常指“在……（两者）之间”；among指“在……（三者或三者以上的人或物）之间”。如果把三者及以上的人或事物分别看待，指每两者之间，也可用between。 Mary sits between Lucy and Lily．玛丽坐在露西和莉莉之间。 Jim stands among his classmates.吉姆站在他的同学们中间。 3．across，through，over，past的区别

across和through都用于表示“穿过，越过”。across含有“从……表面穿过”之意，或指沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across；through含有“从……中间穿过”之意；over多指在空间范围上“超过”；而past指“经过”。 He can swim across the river．

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She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son。 The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast. They walked past a tall tree． 4．for, to, towards的区别

(l)for常用在leave，start后，表示运动的方向或目的。

They'll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month. (2) to接在go，come，return，move等词之后，表示目的地。 When did you return to Guangzhou after the holiday?

(3) towards意为“朝、向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思。

She walked slowly towards me． 5．after与behind的区别

两个词都有“在……后”之意，behind只表示位置方面的之后，不能表示时间，而after则表示时间、位置都可以。

behind the school在学校后面；after 5 0'clock 5点以后；after the house在房子后面 6．in，with和by表示“用”时的区别

1.by意为“凭借工具或手段（常用于交通工具；）如by bus, by taxi 2.with意为“用某种工具（指具体工具或手段） 3.in意为“用…”,后面跟语言。

Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英文唱这首歌吗？ I write my homework with a pen．我用一支钢笔写我的作业。 The girl made money by selling flowers. 这个女孩以卖花为生。 7．but，besides和except的区别

but表示“除……之外”，常与含否定意义的词连用，当but前有动词do时，but后接动词原形；except表示“除…-之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，前面常有all，every，any，no及其他复合词，但在否定句中，except却没有排斥性；besides表示“除……之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物，其前常有other，another，any other，a few等词。

We can do nothing but wait.

All the students go to the zoo except Jim.

I have a few good friends besides you. 8．at和to表行为对象时的区别

at与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意；to只表示方向，无恶意。 Don't laugh at others. It's impolite.

She came to me and shook my hand warmly. 9. of和in用于最高级结构中的区别

一般of后接数词或可数名词复数；in后一般接可数名词的单数形式。 Tom is the tallest boy of the four. 汤姆是四个男孩中个子最高的。 Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是班里个子最高的男孩。 10. by，in和on表旅行方式的区别

(1) by：①不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by。如：by sea，by air。②涉及表示交通工具的名词，且该名词为单数形式，前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by，如：by ship，by plane。

(2) on或in：当旅行方式涉及确定的、特指的交通工具时，用on或in，交通工具前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on，在封闭型工具前用in。 如：on my bike．in a car。 11．in与after的区别

in表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用；“after+

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时间段”常与过去时连用，“after+时间点”常与将来时连用。注：in the past意为“在过去”，与过去时连用，in the past / last+时间段，意为“在过去的……中”表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。

In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school. 在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。 12. with与without的区别

(l) with有“和，附带，带有”之意。如：with the help of...在……的帮助下，play with...和……玩，talk with...和……谈论。

Lovers talk with their eyes.恋人眉目传情。

(2) without有“没有”之意。如：without help没有帮助，without breakfast没吃早餐。 You will never succeed without your hard work 你如果不努力，绝不会成功。 13. of sb.与for sb.的区别

(1) of sb．“对于（某人）”，用于It is+ adj．+of sb．to do sth.句型中，形容词为clever，kind，nice等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。

It is very kind of you to help the old man. 你帮助那位老人真是太好了。

(2) for sb. “对于某人”用于It is+ adj．+ for sb．to do sth.句型中, 形容词为easy, important 等不描述人物性格特征的词， for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。

It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。 14．to的两种用法的区别

to 既是介词，又是动词不定式符号。是动词不定式符号时，后面跟动词原形；是介词时，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。下列含有to的词组中to都是介词，在使用时应特别注意，如果它们后面跟的是动词，则用动名词形式。

pay attention to..., make a contribution to... ,according to... , get used to...,prefer...to... ,look forward to... 15.“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”的区别

英语中动词短语有两类：“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”，前者宾语只可放在介词后，后者当宾语为名词时可放在副词之前或之后，当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之间。 属于“动词+介词”型短语的词组有：look after，look like， look at, arrive at, talk with, agree with , point at, hear from等；

属于“动词+副词”型短语的词组有：put on，take off，turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up, put away, write down, look up, try on等。 16. instead, instead of：

⑴ instead不是介词，而是副词。它的意思是“作为代替；（不……）而”，中文译法灵活。instead常位于句末。例如：He was ill, so I went instead. 他病了，因此我就（代他）去了。I don’t like this one; please give me that instead. 我不喜欢这一个，请把那一个给我。They don’t have beef; let’s have some fish instead. 他们没有牛肉，我们改吃鱼吧。

instead还可以用作连接性状语，表示对比。例如：They didn’t go to Greece, instead, they went to France. 他们没有去希腊，而是去了法国。

⑵ instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替；而（不）”，其后面的内容具有否定意义。instead of可后接名词、代词或动名词，也可后接介词短语。例如：Give me the red one instead of the green one. 请给我那个红色的，而不是那个绿色的。She had tea instead of coffee. 她没有喝咖啡而喝了茶。He walked downstairs instead of taking the lift. 他是走下楼的，没有乘电梯。They went there on foot instead of by bus. (= … instead of going by bus.) 他们是走到那里去的，没有乘公共汽车。 17.in front of与in the front of

in front of 是在整个物体的前面，in the front of 是在物体内部的前面。

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比如a tree is in front of the classroom是教室前面有棵树，树一般在教室外面的户外；而 There is a desk in the front of the classroom就是教室前面有张桌子，（比如讲台）是在教室里面的，这是内部方位。如果There is a desk in front of the classroom，那桌子就在教室外面了。 18.till/until和not …until 的区别

1.till/until意为“直到…为止”。表示某一动作一直持续到某一时刻结束，肯定句中的动词一定要用延续性动词。如：He stayed there until it was very late. Stay是可持续性动词，所以不用not。

2.not…until“直到…才”。如果要用瞬间性动词或不可延续性动词时，until一定要用否定句式。如：He didn’t leave his office until it was very late. Leave是不可延续动词。 如：

Unfortunately, I did not remember to feed the birds_____ the night before David was going to return. A. until B. before C. as D. since

【巩固练习】

一、用适当的介词填空：

1. You can find the post office ________ a fruit shop and a book shop. 2. We have friends all ________ the world.

3. You have to write a line ________ the last name ________ the book. 4. The answer ________ the question was quite difficult.

5. The children are not allowed to look ________ ________ the window in class. 6. They have stayed in the hotel ________ nearly ten days.

7. The teacher is standing ________ ________ ________ the students. 8. ________ the time the firemen arrived, the big fire had been put out.

9. My house is _____ the other side _____ river, so I have to go _____ the bridge. 10. They all went to sleep ___ young Tom. He was listening to music ___ the radio. 11. The students go to school ________ Monday ________ Friday. 12. My office is ________ ________ theirs. 13. Do not throw any litter ________ the river.

14. What do you think ________ the movie? — Wonderful!

15. The dead leaves on the ground also keep the water ________ running away. 16. The trees can be planted ________ the lake. 17. We got on together just ________ old friends.

18. I was told that we could do that ________ different ways. 19. What do you want to do after you graduate ________ school? 20. Can you see the broom ________ the door?

真题链接：

1. Who has taken my book _____mistake?

A. by B. with C. of D. for 2. ---Jim, your toys should be in right order.

---OK.I'11 put them ______right now. .

A. down B. away C. up D. on 3. --- What’s the matter _____ Mr. White? He is thorough wet.

--- His car ran ____ the river.

A. with; into B. for; in C. with; to D. to; at 4. Surfing is too hard ____ me. I'm afraid nobody can learn it easily.

A. on B. with C. for D. at

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5. This board is used _______ making a box.

A. to B. with C. for D. by 6. My father goes to work _____ his car.

A. by B. in C. on 7. --- Would you like some coffee?

--- Yes, please. By the way, do you have any milk? I prefer coffee ____ milk.

A. from B. with C. to D. for

8. The man ____ Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show.

A. in front of B. in the front of

C. at the back of D. at the beginning of 9. She is ready to help people who are _____ trouble.

A. at B. for C. in D. on

10. Go _____ this road and take the second turning on the left. The bookshop is on your right.

A .through B. past C. across D. pass

11. You must write ______ a pen.

A. in B. by C. with D. through 12. He'll come back _____ a week.

A. from B. at C. after D. in 13. ____ the age of thirty, Peter went to Australia to look for a job. A. On B. At C. From D. By 14. What have you done _______ the broken computer? A. on B. in C. with D. at

15. All the cups are made of glass ______ the green one. It's made of metal.

A．beside B．except C．about D．with

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