浙江中考英语专项突破训练：专题三 词汇运用

[见学生用书P26]

在中考试卷中，该题型属于考查基础的题型。

考查题型为根据首字母填空、选词填空和单词拼写，其中根据首字母填空以句子的形式出现，选词填空以句子及对话的形式出现，单词拼写以句子及语篇的形式出现，语篇的词数为200到300之间。

一般来说，这一部分学生得分率较高。但是，要拿满分也非易事。就算考生熟记所有课标词汇，也不能保证解题全对。

原因在于，这一题型不但考查考生对单词的记忆，而且考查相关的语法知识。具体来说，就是词语在特定语境中的应用。也就是说，有些单词不是填写原形，还要进行相应的变化。

因此，应对此题型的关键在于，明确所考查单词是否进行变化。

明确五大变化

其实，词汇运用所考查的单词中，绝大部分是不变的(也就是说填单词原形)，变化的只是少数。攻克该题型的关键在于明确几种常见的变化。

当我们看到名词，最大的可能性是变复数。

67．A square has four sides and four c________．[2018·杭州]

答案：corners 前面的four一词暗示这里需要用名词的复数形式。

My __60__(同伴)in my office have the similar experience too.[2018·嘉兴] 答案：partners 后面的谓语动词have暗示这里应该用名词的复数形式。

1

41．I'm happy to find some ________ of chocolate in my bag.(box)[2018·温州] 答案：boxes 前面的some一词暗示这里需要用名词的复数形式。

当我们看到形容词，最大的可能性是变副词，其次是变比较级或最高级。

The zipper？Is it 47.________ such a great invention？(real)[2018·宁波] 答案：really 这里需要一个副词来修饰谓语动词is。

They reported what they found to the government，and soon the news was 58.________(广泛地)heard across Denmark.[2017·绍兴] 答案：widely 这里需要一个副词来修饰谓语动词heard。

45．After winning the speech competition，Bob became ________ than before.(confident)[2018·温州]

答案：more confident 比较级标志词than暗示这里需要用形容词的比较级。

当我们看到动词，必须结合上下文对时态做出正确判断，然后填入相应形式。

45．Mr. Smith ________(亲吻)his wife and kids before he goes to work every day. [2018·宁波]

答案：kisses 时间状语every day暗示这里需要用一般现在时。

These days we are ________ some students for the coming art festival.(interview) [2018·嘉兴]

答案：interviewing 时间状语These days以及前面的we are提示我们要用现在进行时。

2

65．Sorry, I've f________ your phone number.Could you please tell me again？[2018·杭州]

答案：forgotten 前面的助动词have暗示这里应该用现在完成时。

55．Billy was ________ a ball around the yard while his mom was cooking in the kitchen.(kick)[2017·丽水]

答案：kicking 由后半句“while his mom was cooking in the kitchen”可知，此处应用过去进行时。

当我们看到动词，除了注意时态外，还要注意语态，判断该用主动语态还是被动语态。

49．Tea is ________ in many different areas in China.(produce)[2018·绍兴] 答案：produced tea和produce之间是被动关系，茶是“被生产”，因此这里用被动语态。

For example，it mentioned that the zipper was 50.________ by Whitcomb Judson in 13.(invent)[2018·宁波]

答案：invented the zipper和invent之间是被动关系，拉链是“被发明”，因此这里用被动语态。

名词还有一种可能的变化是变形容词，不过这种考查没有变复数那么普遍。当然，也可以是形容词变名词。

47．Our new English teacher comes from a small ________ town.(Canada)[2018·金华]

答案：Canadian 这里需要一个形容词修饰后面的名词town，表示“加拿大的

3

一个小镇”。

49．You can find elephants both in Africa and ________，but they are kind of different.(Asian)[2017·嘉兴]

答案：Asia 这里需要一个名词与前面的Africa并列。

No.1

A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次(每空一词)。

language；change；careful； importance；appear

1．__Changing__ your eating habits is the best way to lose weight. 2．The right colours can make a small room __appear__ much bigger. 3．It took him several years to master the foreign __language__． 4．Nothing could be more __important__ to me than my family. 5．You need to think very __carefully__ about which subject you want to choose. B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。三位同学简要介绍了自己最喜欢的体育明星。

Sports Star We Admire Most

Wang Haojin，14，Sichuan

I enjoy playing basketball.My idol(偶像)is Lebron James，who plays for my __6__(最喜欢的)basketball team，the Cleveland Cavaliers.James is one of the best basketball players in the NBA right now.As a forward，he has __7__(赢得)three titles in his 15-year career.He is the youngest player in NBA __8__(历史)to score 30，000 points.He is really amazing.I feel __9__(幸运的)to have seen one of the 21st century's greatest athletes. Zhong Yunfei，15，Beijing

Su Bingtian is an excellent sprinter(短跑运动员)．He finished a 100-metre run

4

within 10 __10__(秒)in 2015.He is the __11__(亚洲的)champion in this event.In the following years，Su __12__(继续)to improve through his strong will and hard training.He has shown that Chinese athletes can be wonderful sprinters.Su Bingtian encourages me to work for my __13__(梦想)． Xing Yuxi，12，Chongqing

Hui Ruoqi，the former captain(队长)of China's national women's volleyball team，is a legend(传奇)in my mind.She __14__(领导)her team to the top of the world.Hui is a strong-minded woman.I often check her Weibo and see her __15__(分享)positive messages.

6．__favorite__ 7.__won__ 8.__history__ 9．__lucky__ 10.__seconds__ 11.__Asian__ 12．__continued__ 13.__dreams__ 14.__led__ 15．__share__

No.2

根据下列句子及所给的首字母，在空白处写出各单词的正确、完全形式。(每空仅限一词)

1．Hollywood is the c__enter__ of the movie industry. 2．It's w__orth__ much more than I paid for it. 3．I think you hurt his p__ride__ by laughing at the way he speaks English. 4．They were doing e__xactly__ the opposite to what I had told them. 5．When the Spring Festival comes，people are b__usy__ cleaning houses and going shopping.

6．The police warn the public not to drive on the roads after d__rinking__. 7．Ben caught a high f__ever__.His body temperature was as high as 40℃. 8．For this Qingming vacation，I'm not going a__nywhere__ just staying at home. 9．Thank you for attending our junior high g__raduation__ ceremony. 10．—Don't be shy！Foreigners will not laugh at you.I__nstead__，they will encourage you.

—Thanks for your reminding and support.

5

No.3

A．用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。

danger；kitchen；joke；get off；decide

1．Don't __get__off__ the bus before it stops. 2．He was always telling __jokes__ and making people laugh. 3．She was in the __kitchen__ making a meal when I came. 4．It's __dangerous__ for a woman to walk alone at night in that country. 5．People have a right to __decide__ how to spend their own money. B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一个发生在古代的元宝变红枣的故事。

Once upon a time，there was a man called Zhou Yong.Before his father died，he left Zhou Yong a great number of gold ingots(元宝)．Zhou hid them in a __6__(安全的)place in his home.

One day，Zhou decided to travel far away.He was afraid that __7__(小偷)would steal the gold ingots.But they were too __8__(重的)for him to bring along with him.So he put all the ingots into a jar(坛子)and gave it to his __9__(朋友)Zhang San，telling Zhang that the jar was full of fresh red dates(红枣)．

A year later，Zhou came back home.One day before he came back，Zhang's wife was curious about what was inside the jar.She secretly opened it.She was __10__(吃惊的)when she saw so many ingots inside.

She then told Zhang about the ingots.They took the ingots out and __11__(装满)the jar with fresh red dates.

When Zhang __12__(归还)the jar to Zhou，Zhou opened it and asked，“Where are my gold ingots？” Zhang denied(否认)that he had __13__(拿走)the ingots.After arguing about it for a while，they went to see the county magistrate (县官)．

When the magistrate asked Zhang what had happened，he __14__(回答)，“Zhou said that there were fresh red dates in it when he gave me the jar a year ago.”

6

The magistrate examined the jar and the red dates in it __15__(仔细地)．Then he said，“Bring the ingots back，Zhang San！” 6．__safe__ 7.__thieves__ 8.__heavy__ 9．__friend__ 10.__surprised/shocked__ 11．__filled__ 12.__returned__ 13.__taken__ 14．__answered__ 15.__carefully__ No.4

A．根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 1．Building blocks(积木)are still one of the most popular traditional __toys__(玩具)today.

2．A house with a big garden full of roses is __exactly__(确切地)what I want. 3．The sun __provides__(提供)us with light and heat.We can't live without it. 4．The scarves in this store are __cheaper__(便宜的)than those in the supermarket. 5．We haven't told anyone about the secret __except__(除……以外)our English teacher.

6．To protect the elephants，we mustn't buy the things __made__(制作)of ivory. 7．Young children are taught road safety to __avoid__(避免)road accidents. 8．It has been the __twelfth/12th__(第十二)day since we climbed the Great Wall. 9．Tu's finding of artemisinin(青蒿素)has saved millions of __lives__(生命)during the last forty years.

10．Do you have anything __valuable__(贵重的)in your schoolbag? B．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次(每空一词)。

own；save；excuse；read；healthy

Mom: Turn off the lights，Jack！It __11__ electricity. Jack: Sorry, mom.I usually do that.I was just in a hurry.

Mom: My dear，that's your __12__ again.You often forget it.

Jack: I see，mom.I surely will do it.Yesterday I __13__ an article about how we can protect the environment.

Mom: That's good！What else does it say?

7

Jack: For example，you should turn off the shower when you're washing your hair.And you should take your __14__ bags when you go shopping. Mom: Yes, dear！That's easy.Let's do that from now on.What else? Jack: People should stop driving in cars and start riding bikes.

Mom: Yeah, it's really good for the environment！And riding bicycles also helps us keep in good __15__．

Jack: That's true，mom.I like riding my bike as well.Shall I go to school by bike next week? Mom: OK!

11．__saves__ 12.__excuse__ 13.__read__ 14．__own__ 15.__health__ No.5

A．用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。

leave；history；bridge；cheat；take place

1．Great changes have __taken__place__ since China's reform and opening up. 2．Cultural exchanges are a way of building __bridges__ between nations. 3．He had __cheated__ in the maths examination by using a calculator. 4．Before __leaving__ the train，make sure you have all your belongings with you. 5．Many people throughout __history__ have dreamt of a world without war. B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，简要介绍了中国著名演员朱亚文。

Some actors win people's hearts with their looks.But Chinese actor Zhu Yawen，33，has __6__(获得)fame with his amazing voice.

Zhu recently won a televised talent show called The Sound，__7__(创建)by Hunan TV.The show requires actors to dub(配音)voice clips for scenes taken from movies and TV shows.Zhu stood out from the eight __8__(获胜者)．

Zhu showed his ability to use __9__(不同的)voices on the show.When he dubbed the voice of commander Li Yunlong in a scene from Sword《亮剑》()，audience

8

members __10__(认为)he was the character's original(最初的)voice actor.

Dubbing is a __11__(有价值的)skill for actors.Zhu has spent a lot of time learning this skill.“As long as it's about acting，I will take it __12__(严肃地)，” he wrote on Sina Weibo.

Zhu has played many roles in recent years，__13__(包括)former premier Zhou Enlai in The Founding of an Army(《建军大业》)．But Zhu has seldom __14__(出现)on talent shows.

Zhu has shared two tips for __15__(未来的)voice actors.One is to speak loudly by yourself and learn to control your voice.The other is to practice dubbing some classic clips to get into the role.

6．__achieved/gained/got__ 7.__created__ 8．__winners__ 9.__different__ 10.__thought__ 11．__valuable__ 12.__seriously__ 13.__including__ 14．__appeared__ 15.__future__ No.6

A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次(每空一词)。

accept；child；express； interest；competition

1．His actions __express__ his love more than any words could do. 2．I think this film is not suitable for __children__ under 12. 3．It will be __interesting__ to see what happens when he gets a bit older.

4．At the time，__accepting__ his offer had seemed the most natural thing in the world.

5．Sometimes there's a lot of __competition__ between children for their mother's attention.

B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。人工智能已进入翻译领域，本文对此作了简要介绍。

9

Artificial intelligence(AI，人工智能)can help us make phone calls.It can __6__(指导)us to where we want to go.It can play games.And now，AI can do even more things.

Researchers from Microsoft have __7__(创造)the first machine translation system that can translate news __8__(文章)from Chinese to English，Business Standard reported.

According to Microsoft's official website，researchers tested the system by asking it to translate __9__(百)of sentences taken from news stories.Then，language experts compared the __10__(结果)to two translations that were done by humans.The experts thought that the system's translations were as good as the human translations.

Machine translation is always challenging.This is partly because __11__(不同的)words can be used to express the same meaning.It can be hard to say which word is more “__12__(正确的)”．

Experts used several methods to improve the system's translation __13__(能力)．“Much of our research is really inspired(启发)by how we humans do things，” lead researcher Liu Tieyan said.

One method is __14__(叫作)dual learning.In this method，the system translates every sentence from Chinese to English，as well as translates the sentences back from English into Chinese.This way，the system can __15__(提升)itself and learn from its own mistakes.

6．__guide__ 7.__created__ 8.__articles__ 9．__hundreds__ 10.__results__ 11.__different__ 12．__correct__ 13.__abilities__ 14.__called__ 15．__improve__

No.7

根据下列句子及所给的首字母，在空白处写出各单词的正确、完全形式。(每空仅限一词)

1．I have no idea about this task.Can you give me some a__dvice__？ 2．How many students are a__bsent__ from class today?

10

3．Jack works the h__ardest__ of all the students in the class.So he always gets good grades.

4．Shanghai is one of the biggest c__ities__ in the world. 5．You need to be patient with your students.They are children，a__fter__ all. 6．The house is too expensive.I don't have enough money to a__fford__ it. 7．Everyone should do his own part to fight a__gainst__ pollution. 8．L__uckily__， I have got a chance to be an exchange student in the US.I won't miss it.

9.—Do you like the movie Amazing China？It's an educational movie. —Yes.I like it very much and I am very p__roud__ of our country. 10．The group of students had a picnic in the park and they really enjoyed t__hemselves__．

No.8

A．根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 1．Nowadays，__customers__(顾客)are used to using e-wallet(电子钱包)when going shopping.

2．With public bikes in the neighborhood，life is getting more and more __convenient__(方便的)．

3．Christmas Carol is such a popular novel that it has been __translated__(翻译)into more than 330 languages so far.

4．Always be ready to help people in need because giving is also __receiving__(收获)．

5．All your volunteering experiences will be rather __valuable__(宝贵的)when you search for a future job.

6．“I've never heard a better voice，” said the director.“It's __exactly__(确切地)what I want.”

7．Everyone has to be checked carefully before __entering__ (进入)the ball. 8．There is no __doubt__(疑问)that Chinese Poetry Competition(中国诗词大会)has opened up our eyes and shown the beauty of poetry.

11

9．It's known that __National__(国家的)Geographic is a great magazine that provides people with rich knowledge of geography，history and culture.

10．With tears in her eyes，the mom __hugged__(拥抱)her boy because she knew from then on，he was not only her son but also a soldier of the country. B．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次(每空一词)。

practice；feel；free；future；take

Tom: Hi, Sarah.What did you do in class?

Sarah: We talked about our dreams __11__ in class. Tom: What do you want to be in the __12__？ Sarah: I want to be a singer. Tom: A singer，why?

Sarah: Well, because I think singing is a great way to express my __13__ about the world.It's much fun for me. Tom: How are you going to do that?

Sarah: Well，I'm going to keep on __14__ singing lessons and __15__ more. Tom: Sounds great！I hope your dream will come true. Sarah: I hope so!

11．__freely__ 12.__future__ 13.__feelings__ 14．__taking__ 15.__practice__ No.9

A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次(每空一词)。

encourage；pleasant；describe； communicate；environment

1．An unhappy home __environment__ can affect a child's behaviour. 2．People use more than words when they __communicate__ with each other. 3．After the operation her condition was __described__ as comfortable. 4．It was __pleasant__ to sit in a sidewalk coffee shop and watch people pass. 5．I want to thank everyone who has __encouraged__ and supported me.

12

B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者简要介绍了颜色在我们生活中的重要作用。

Life is full of colors.Colors can __6__(表达)different moods(情绪)．Do you like warm colors，such as red，orange or yellow？If you do，you may be an optimist(乐观主义者)or an active __7__(人)who enjoys life.

There is no doubt that colors have a big __8__(影响)on our moods.If there aren't any colors，the world would be blank and there would be no passion(热情)in life.It is __9__(报道)that a black bridge over the Thames River used to be a place where people often killed themselves.But when it was repainted green，the __10__(数量)of such people fell quickly.So it's __11__(真实的)that different colors have different effects(效果)on people.

But warm colors are not always the best.It's __12__(更好)to work in a quiet place where the wall is painted with cold colors like blue or __13__(白色)．That's because cool colors keep you calm and you can work more efficiently(有效率地)．If you study in a room that's painted red，your __14__(大脑)will be more active and you will be more eager to go out and play.

You can also show your mood by wearing different clothes.For example，you can wear red clothes if you are __15__(快乐的)or when the new year is coming. 6．__express__ 7.__person__ 8.__influence__ 9．__reported__ 10.__number__ 11.__true__ 12．__better__ 13.__white__ 14.__brain__ 15．__happy__

No.10

A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次(每空一词)。

develop；discovery；collect； comfortable；answer

1．Researchers in this field have made some important new __discoveries__．

13

2．He has formed the habit of __collecting__ stamps since he was young. 3．I was so __comfortable__ and warm in bed that I didn't want to get up. 4．When questioned，Hughes __answered__ that he knew nothing about the robbery. 5．The government is encouraging the __development__ of small businesses. B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要分享了一次自己战胜恐惧的经历，并鼓励我们大胆迎接生活中的各种挑战。

As we grow up，we have to face many challenges.Sometimes you might be afraid of them because you don't think you can deal with them __6__(你自己)．But if you overcome them，you will feel like a true __7__(获胜者)．

I was a shy boy when I was younger.I was afraid of insects，worms，and any __8__(动物)with more than eight legs.I thought they looked __9__(奇怪的)and scary.Because of this，my classmates called me a coward.This made me sad，so I told my mom about it.She __10__(笑)and said I could get past it as I had the determination(决心)．

One __11__(下午)，I was playing in the sand in my backyard.My mother came over with a spider in her hand.I screamed and wanted to run away.__12__(然而)，there was a voice inside my __13__(心)，telling me not to be afraid.I calmed down a little.Then my mother let me touch that spider，which was horrible，but I still touched it.It felt like the skin of a small rodent(啮齿类)animal.I __14__(开始)to think that spiders are not that scary after all.I've become more brave since then.I don't get afraid so __15__(轻易地)anymore.

6．__yourself__ 7.__winner__ 8.__animals__ 9．__strange__ 10.__laughed__ 11．__afternoon__ 12.__However__ 13.__heart__ 14．__started/began__ 15.__easily__

14